| 영문 | nerve cell | 한글 | 신경세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포는 올바른 신경전달을 위한 각 부분별로 나뉘어져 있다. 신경세포에서는 전해져오는 자극을 전기적인 신호로 바뀌어 보내거나 받게 된다. 이런 전기적인 현상은 각 신경세포내에 존재하는 각 이온채널(ion channel: ion이란 나트륨, 칼륨 등을 지칭하는 말들로써, 이들이 세포막에 의해 나뉘어질 때 생기는 전압차가 전기적 자극을 일으키고 유지하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다)들의 작용에 의해 이루어지게 된다. |
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| 영문 | facial nerve | 한글 | 얼굴신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 표정근을 지배하는 큰 운동신경과 작은 중간신경으로 구성된다. 좁은 의미의 얼굴신경과 중간신경으로 이루어지는 혼합신경이다. 속귀신경과 함께 속귓길로 들어가고 그 바닥에서 속귀신경과 갈라져 얼굴신경관으로 들어가, 거의 직각으로 구부러지는 부분을 얼굴신경무릎이라 하며, 여기에 무릎신경마디가 있다. |
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| 영문 | sural nerve | 한글 | 장딴지신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 안쪽장딴지피부신경 및 온장딴지신경의 교통지에서 시작하여 가쪽배쪽피부신경 및 가쪽발꿈치가지의 가지를 낸다. 넙다리 등쪽의 피부, 발꿈치와 발의 가쪽의 피부 및 관절에 분포하며, 일반 감각성 기능을 한다. |
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| 영문 | spinal nerve | 한글 | 척수신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 척수의 앞뿔에서 출발하는 운동신경과 뒷뿔으로 들어오는 감각신경이 합쳐서 형성되는 신경으로서 총 31쌍이 존재함. 목뼈신경이 8쌍, 자등뼈신경이 12쌍, 허리뼈의 신경이 5쌍, 엉치뼈의 6쌍을 이룸. |
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| 영문 | auditory nerve | 한글 | 청신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 귀에서 감지된 청각의 신호를 대뇌로 보내는 역할을 하는 신경. 달팽이신경라고 불리기도 한다. 그것은 소리를 전기적 신호로 바꾸어 신경으로 전달해 주는 달팽이의 집같이 생긴 기관을 달팽이라고 부르기 때문이다.  |
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| CDR | calcium-dependent regulator; clinical dementia rating; complementary determining region; computerize... |
|---|---|
| CD-ROM | compact disk-read only memory |
| DOS | day of surgery; deoxystreptamine; disk operating system; Doctor of Ocular Science; Doctor of Optical... |
| HLD | hepatolenticular degeneration; herniated lumbar disk; Hippel-Lindau disease; hypersensitivity lung d... |
| MS-DOS | Microsoft Disk Operating System |
| communicating branch of facial nerve with glossopharyngeal nerve | <anatomy, nerve> A small branch from the digastric branch of the facial nerve to the glossopharyngeal nerve. Synonym: ramus communicans cum nervo glossopharyngeo, Haller's ansa. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| communicating branch of glossopharyngeal nerve with auricular branch of vagus nerve | <anatomy, nerve> A small branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve which joins the auricular branch of the vagus, conveying tactile fibres. Synonym: ramus communicans cum nervo glossopharyngeo, ramus communicans nervi glossopharyngei cum ramo auriculari nervi vagalis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| communicating branch of lacrimal nerve with zygomatic nerve | <anatomy, nerve> Nerve branch by which postsynaptic parasympathetic (secretomotor) fibres from the pterygopalatine ganglion are transferred from the zygomatic nerve to the lacrimal nerve (heretofore purely sensory) for distribution to the lacrimal gland. Synonym: ramus communicans nervi lacrimalis cum nervo zygomatico. (05 Mar 2000) |
| communicating branch of median nerve with ulnar nerve | <anatomy, nerve> Branch of median nerve joining the ulnar nerve in the hand; the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve may also communicate with the ulnar nerve in the proximal forearm. Synonym: ramus communicans nervi mediani cum nervo ulnari. (05 Mar 2000) |
| communicating branch of superior laryngeal nerve with recurrent laryngeal nerve | <anatomy, nerve> Branch of internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve communicating with the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the wall of the laryngopharynx supplying sensory fibres to the latter. Synonym: ramus communicans nervi laryngei recurrentis cum ramo laryngeo interno, ramus communicans nervi laryngei superioris cum nervo laryngeo recurrenti, Galen's anastomosis, Galen's nerve. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acromioclavicular disk | The articular disk of fibrocartilage usually found between the acromial end of the clavicle and the medial border of the acromion. Synonym: discus articularis acromioclavicularis, acromioclavicular disk, Weitbrecht's cartilage. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Airy disk | <microscopy> The image of a bright point object as focused by a lens system. With monochromatic light, it consists of a central point of maximum intensity surrounded by alternate circles of light and darkness caused by the reinforcement and interference of diffracted rays. The light areas are called maxima and the dark areas minima. The distribution of light from the centre to the outer areas of the figure was investigated mathematically by Sir George Airy. The diffraction disk forms a basis for determining the resolving power of an ideal lens system. The diameter of the disk depends largely on the aperture of the lens. The diffraction of light causing the Airy disk is a factor limiting the resolution of a well corrected optical system. The bright disk of light (surrounded by alternating dark and bright diffraction rings)that is formed by a perfect diffraction-limited lens, focusing an image of an infinitely small source of light. For a minute absorbing spot, the diffraction pattern is a dark Airy disk surrounded by brighter and darker diffraction rings. Since the Airy disk is the smallest unit that makes up the image of a luminous or absorbing object (formed by a properly corrected microscope lens in focus), the radius of the disk determines the limit of resolution of the microscope. (05 Aug 1998) |
| articular disk | A plate or ring of fibrocartilage attached to the joint capsule and separating the articular surfaces of the bones for a varying distance, sometimes completely; it serves to adapt two articular surfaces that are not entirely congruent. Synonym: discus articularis, articular disk, fibrocartilago interarticularis, fibroplate, interarticular fibrocartilage, intra-articular cartilage. (05 Mar 2000) |
| blastodermic disk | The aggregation of blastomeres of a telolecithal ovum after cleavage has occurred. (05 Mar 2000) |
| blood disk | <haematology> A discoid cell (3m diameter) found in large numbers in blood, important for blood coagulation and for haemostasis by repairing breaches (small breaks) in the walls of blood vessels. Platelet _ granules contain lysosomal enzymes, dense granules contain ADP (a potent platelet aggregating factor) and serotonin (a vasoactive amine). They also release platelet-derived growth factor which presumably contributes to later repair processes by stimulating fibroblast proliferation. Synonym: thrombocytes. (09 Oct 1997) |
| bulging disk | A condition that results in the abnormal protrusion (bulging), herniation or prolapse of a vertebral disc from its normal position in the vertebral column. The displaced disc may exert force on a nearby nerve root causing the typical neurologic symptoms of radiating pain (to an extremity), numbness, tingling and weakness. Recurrent episodes of severe back pain are common. Treatment includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, corticosteroids and rest. More advanced cases may require surgical intervention (for example laminectomy, micro-disc surgery). (27 Sep 1997) |
| Burlew disk | An abrasive-impregnated rubber wheel used in dentistry for polishing. Synonym: Burlew wheel. (05 Mar 2000) |
| vacuum disk phenomenon | The appearance of a radiolucent stripe in an intervertebral disk, a manifestation of disk degeneration; a misnomer since there is gas present. (05 Mar 2000) |
| radioulnar articular disk | The disk that holds together the distal ends of the radius and ulna; it is attached by its apex to a depression between the styloid process and distal surface of the head of the ulna, and by its base to the ridge separating the ulnar notch from the carpal surface of the radius. Synonym: discus articularis radioulnaris, radioulnar disk, radioulnar articular disk, triangular cartilage, triangular disk of wrist, triquetrous cartilage. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Ramsden disk | <microscopy> The small circular patch of light that appears at the eyepoint above the ocular lens. This is the exit pupil of an optical instrument that, in a microscope adjusted for Koehler illumination, lies in a plane conjugate with the objective rear focal plane, condenser iris, and light source. Alteration of the Ramsden disk (for example, by the observer's iris) modifies the aperture function, diffraction pattern, and direction of view of the specimen. (05 Aug 1998) |