| FNH | focal nodular hyperplasia |
|---|---|
| MCN | maternal child nursing; minimal change nephropathy; mixed cell nodular [lymphoma] |
| NAP | nasion, point A, pogonion [convexity or concavity of the facial profile]; nerve action potential; ne... |
| N&D | nodular and diffuse |
| NHL | nodular histiocytic lymphoma; non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
| nodular transformation of the liver | A rare condition in which nodules of hyperplastic hepatocytes develop without fibrosis or general loss of lobular architecture. Synonym: nodular regenerative hyperplasia. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| nodular tuberculid | A type of panniculitis characterised histologically by the presence of granulomas, vasculitis, and necrosis. It is traditionally considered to be the tuberculous counterpart of nodular vasculitis, but is now known to occur without tuberculous precedent. It is seen most commonly in adolescent and menopausal women, is initiated or exacerbated by cold weather, and typically presents as one or more recurrent erythrocyanotic nodules or plaques on the calves. The nodules may progress to form indurations, ulcerations, and scars. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nodular vasculitis | Chronic or recurrent nodular lesions of subcutaneous tissue, especially of the legs of older women, with lobular panniculitis, granulomatous inflammation with multinucleated giant cells, focal necrosis, and obliterative inflammation of the small blood vessels, resembling erythema induratum but without evidence of associated tuberculosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| toxic nodular goitre | <endocrinology> An enlarged thyroid gland which contains nodules which release excess thyroid hormone. This condition usually arises from long-standing simple goitre in the elderly. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism result. (12 Jan 1998) |
| focal nodular hyperplasia | <radiology> Focal nodules of normal hepatocytes, Kuppfer cells and bile ducts, F more than M, rare, benign, multiple in 20%, haemorrhage (most common complication) in only 2-3% (unlike hepatic adenoma), stellate fibrous septae (stellate scar), NM: normal or increased uptake on HIDA and sulfur colloid (12 Dec 1998) |
| localised nodular tenosynovitis | A nodule, possibly inflammatory in nature, arising commonly from the flexor sheath of the fingers and thumb; composed of fibrous tissue, lipid-and haemosiderin-containing macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. Synonym: localised nodular tenosynovitis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acute tubular necrosis | <nephrology> A kidney disorder that results in damage to the renal tubule cells leading to acute renal failure. Acute tubular necrosis can result from any condition which deprives the kidney of oxygen (ischaemia). Acute tubular necrosis may occur as a complication of shock, trauma or sepsis. Conditions such as diabetes or liver disease can predispose people to the development of acute tubular necrosis. Certain medications (for example aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, cyclosporine) are known to cause acute tubular necrosis as a toxic side effect. Radiopaque contrast dyes, used in some radiologic procedures, may also result in acute tubular necrosis as a rare complication from contrast dye use. Acronym: ATN (13 Nov 1997) |
| aseptic necrosis | <orthopaedics, pathology> Condition in which poor blood supply to an area of bone leads to bone death. Also called avascular necrosis and osteonecrosis. (12 Dec 1998) |
| avascular necrosis | <radiology> Aetiology (PLASTIC RAGS): P pancreatitis, L lupus, A alcohol, S steroids, T trauma, I idiopathic, infection, C caisson disease, collagen vascular disease, R radiation, rheumatoid arthritis, A amyloid, G Gaucher disease, S sickle cell disease findings: sclerosis, crescent sign, collapse (e.g., of femoral head) see also: staging (12 Dec 1998) |
| avascular necrosis staging | <radiology> Stage CT/X-ray bone scan I - cold/hot spot II sclerotic focus with osteopenic ring III crescent sign (subchondral lucency) IV articular collapse flattening of femoral head sensitivity 86% 78% specificity 79% 75% see also: avascular necrosis (AVN) (12 Dec 1998) |
| bridging hepatic necrosis | Area of liver necrosis which bridges adjacent portal areas and central veins; subsequent post-necrotic collapse and fibrosis is likely to result in cirrhosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| p60 tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated kinase | <enzyme> Interacts with and causes phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic domain of the tnf receptor Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- Synonym: p60 tnf receptor-associated kinase, p60-trak (26 Jun 1999) |
| papillary necrosis | <radiology> Mnemonic: POST CARD, P pyelonephritis, O obstruction, S sickle cell disease, T TB, C cirrhosis (EtOH), A analgesics (phenacetin and aspirin), R renal vein thrombosis, D diabetes (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, tumour necrosis factor | Cell surface receptors that bind tumour necrosis factor and trigger changes which influence the behaviour of cells. The two recognised tumour necrosis factor receptors are designated alpha and beta receptors. Both receptors bind both alpha and beta tumour necrosis factors with high affinity, and both are members of the nerve growth factor receptor family. (12 Dec 1998) |
| caseous necrosis | Caseation necrosis, necrosis characteristic of certain inflammations (e.g., tuberculosis, histoplasmosis), which represents necrosis with loss of separate structures of the various cellular and histologic elements; affected tissue manifests the friable, crumbly consistency and dull, opaque quality observed in cheese. Synonym: caseous degeneration. (05 Mar 2000) |