| MIP | macrophage inflammatory protein; major intrinsic protein; maximum inspiratory pressure; maximum inte... |
|---|---|
| MMF | maxillomandibular fixation; maximum midexpiratory flow; mean maximum flow; Member of the Medical Fac... |
| MPE | malignant proliferation of eosinophils; maximum permissible exposure; maximum possible error; Medica... |
| MPI | mannose phosphate isomerase; master patient index; maximum permitted intake; maximum point of impuls... |
| MTC | mass transfer coefficient; maximum tolerated concentration; maximum toxic concentration; medical tes... |
| oxygen | 1. <chemistry> A colourless, tasteless, odorless, gaseous element occurring in the free state in the atmosphere, of which it forms about 23 per cent by weight and about 21 per cent by volume, being slightly heavier than nitrogen. Symbol O. Atomic weight 15.96. It occurs combined in immense quantities, forming eight ninths by weight of water, and probably one half by weight of the entire solid crust of the globe, being an ingredient of silica, the silicates, sulphates, carbonates, nitrates, etc. Oxygen combines with all elements (except fluorine), forming oxides, bases, oxyacid anhydrides, etc, the process in general being called oxidation, of which combustion is only an intense modification. at ordinary temperatures with most substances it is moderately active, but at higher temperatures it is one of the most violent and powerful chemical agents known. It is indispensable in respiration, and in general is the most universally active and efficient element. It may be prepared in the pure state by heating potassium chlorate. This element (called dephlogisticated air by Priestley) was named oxygen by Lavoisier because he supposed it to be a constituent of all acids. This is not so in the case of a very few acids (as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydric sulphide, etc), but these do contain elements analogous to oxygen in property and action. Moreover, the fact that most elements approach the nearer to acid qualities in proportion as they are combined with more oxygen, shows the great accuracy and breadth of Lavoisier's conception of its nature. Pharmacologic action: Increases the supply of oxygen to ischemic tissues. It is the most effective agent in emergency cardiac care. Uses: Always administer oxygen during emergency cardiac care. Dose: Nasal cannula with oxygen flow of 4 liters per minute provides FiO2 of about 30%. Nasal cannula with oxygen flow of 6-8 liters per minute provides FiO2 of 35-40%. Venturi mask can provide higher and more precise oxygen concentrations. Potential complications: Ensure that oxygen is being delivered. Carefully check all connections. Oxygen toxicity develops only after several days of exposure to high FiO2. Increased FiO2 may cause hypoventilation in COPD patients dependent on hypoxic ventilatory drive. This is very rare and simply requires starting at lower FiO2, careful observation, and assisted ventilation if necessary. Origin: F. Oxygene, from Gr. Sharp, acid + root of to be born. So called because originally supposed to be an essential part of every acid. (17 Mar 2000) |
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| oxygen-15 | A cyclotron-produced, positron-emitting radioisotope of oxygen with a half-life of 122.2 seconds; used in studies of respiratory function and in positron emission tomography. (05 Mar 2000) |
| oxygen-16 | The common oxygen isotope, making up 99.76% of natural oxygen. (05 Mar 2000) |
| oxygen-17 | The rarest of the stable oxygen isotopes, making up 0.04% of natural oxygen. (05 Mar 2000) |
| oxygen-18 | A stable oxygen isotope making up 0.20% of natural oxygen; used in mass spectrometry and in NMR studies of tissue. Synonym: heavy oxygen. (05 Mar 2000) |
| oxygen affinity anoxia | Anoxia due to inability of haemoglobin to release oxygen. (05 Mar 2000) |
| oxygen affinity hypoxia | Hypoxia due to reduced ability of haemoglobin to release oxygen. (05 Mar 2000) |
| oxygen capacity | The maximum quantity of oxygen that will combine chemically with the haemoglobin in a unit volume of blood; normally it amounts to 1.34 ml of O2 per gm of Hb or 20 ml of O2 per 100 ml of blood. (05 Mar 2000) |
| oxygen compounds | Inorganic compounds that contain oxygen as an integral part of the molecule. (12 Dec 1998) |
| oxygen debt | The extra oxygen (compared with its usual oxygen intake at rest) an organismconsumes after a period of strenouousphysical activity. (09 Oct 1997) |
| oxygen deficit | The difference between oxygen uptake of the body during early stages of exercise and during a similar duration in a steady state of exercise; sometimes considered as the formation of the oxygen debt. (05 Mar 2000) |
| oxygen dependent killing | One of the most important bactericidal mechanisms of mammalian phagocytes involves the production of various toxic oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals) through the metabolic burst. Although anaerobic killing is possible, the oxygen dependent mechanism is crucial for normal resistance to infection and a defect in this system is usually fatal within the first decade of life (chronic granulomatous disease). See: myeloperoxidase, chemiluminescence. (18 Nov 1997) |
| oxygen deprivation theory of narcosis | That narcotics inhibit oxidation, which causes the cell to be narcotised. (05 Mar 2000) |
| oxygen derived free radicals | An atom or atom group having an unpaired electron on an oxygen atom, typically derived from molecular oxygen. For example, one-electron reduction of O2 produces the superoxide radical, O2-; other examples include the hydroperoxyl radical (HOO-), the hydroxyl radical (HO-), and nitric oxide (NO-). (05 Mar 2000) |
| oxygen effect | Enhancement of radiosensitivity of cells in a high concentration of oxygen. (05 Mar 2000) |