| 영문 | gene therapy | 한글 | 유전자요법 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 유전병을 치료할 목적으로, 정상적으로 기능하는 단일유전자 혹은 복수유전자를 어떤 기원에서 얻어내어 생세포에 도입하는 것. 유전물질은 유전자삽입 조작에 의해 수용세포에로 도입된다. 즉, 유전자를 끼워 넣은 새로운 세포를 사용하는 치료로서 1980년 미국의 학자가 지중해빈혈환자에게 강행하여 비판을 받았지만, 미국 국립보건연구소는 1990년 9월 아데노신 데아미나아제(adenosine deaminase, ADA) 결핍증 환자의 림프구에 ADA 유전자를 끼워 넣는 치료를 시작한 이래 현재는 암을 포함한 많은 질병들을 치료하는 목적으로 쓰인다. |
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| 영문 | Electric convulsive therapy(ECT) | 한글 | 전기경련요법 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 뇌에 전기 자극을 주어 인위적으로 경련을 유발함으로써 정신 병을 치료하는 방법. 전기쇼크요법(electroshock therapy)이라고도 한다. 1938년에 이탈리아의 체를레티와 비니에 의해 시작되었다. 작용기전은 확실치 않으나 뇌의 신진대사, 생화학 및 효소 등에 변화를 일으킨다는 생물학적, 생화학적 학설이 유력하다. 적응증으로 가장 효과적인 병은 우울증으로 특히 여성에서 갱년기에 호발하는 갱년기 우울증, 우울증과 조증(아주 기분이 좋은 상태가 지속되는 정신병)이 일정한 주기를 두고 반복하는 조울증에 잘 쓰이며, 80~90%에서 효과가 있다. |
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| VL | variable domain of the light chain; variable light chain |
|---|---|
| AART | American Association for Rehabilitation Therapy; American Association for Respiratory Therapy |
| ACT | achievement through counseling and treatment; actin; actinomycin; activated clotting time; advanced ... |
| ERT | esophageal radionuclide transit; estrogen replacement therapy; examination room terminal; external r... |
| ICT | icteric, icterus; indirect Coombs test; inflammation of connective tissue; insulin coma therapy; int... |
| ophthalmoscopy with reflected light | Examination of that part of the fundus adjacent to an area illuminated by a sharply focused light. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| tapetal light reflex | The glow from the eyes of some animals in the dark when a light illuminates the retina; due to the reflection of the light from the tapetum, an iridescent layer (containing guanidine crystals) in the choroid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| EDTA light chain | <protein> Myosin light chains (18 kD) from scallop muscle (two per pair of heavy chains), easily extracted by calcium chelation. Although the EDTA light chains do not bind calcium they confer calcium sensitivity on the myosin heavy chains. (18 Nov 1997) |
| transmitted light | <microscopy> The usual method for illuminating transparent microscopic specimens. The light is concentrated on the specimen by the substage condenser. Objects appear in outline (refraction images) or coloured on a bright field (colour images). (05 Aug 1998) |
| unit of light | See: candela, lux. (05 Mar 2000) |
| unpolarized light | <microscopy> A bundle of light rays having a common propagation direction but different vibration directions. (05 Aug 1998) |
| usable light range | <microscopy> The ratio of the maximum to the minimum levels of illuminance over which a video camera or camera tube can provide a usable signal. Being aided by automatic irises, gray-wedge wheels, etc., in addition to varying electrode voltages where permissible, the usable light range can be several orders of magnitude greater than the intrascene dynamic range. See: intrascene dynamic range, condenser, variable-focus. (05 Aug 1998) |
| flux, light | <microscopy> Sometimes called luminous flux, the visible portion of the radiant energy emitted by a light source. It is measured in lumens per solid angle. In electrical engineering, it is analogous to the lines of force in a magnetic field, spoken of as magnetic flux. (05 Aug 1998) |
| light | <microscopy> Light is radiant energy of such wavelength that, falling on the retina, it stimulates the rods and cones of the eye and produces the sensation of vision. The foregoing is a physiological (subjective) definition which tells what light does, under certain conditions, rather than what it is. According to the (objective) Maxwell theory, all radiant energy is electromagnetic in character, the generation of the radiation depending upon the portion of the spectrum under consideration. For that part of the spectrum lying within the visual range, approximately 400 to 700 nanometres (nm) the release of light energy from externally stimulated sources may be thought of as due to atomic or molecular vibration or to the passing of electrons from high to lower energy levels accompanied by the spasmodic release of energy as the electronic orbits decrease in diameter. See: quantum theory. (05 Aug 1998) |
| light-activated resin | A resin which uses visible or ultraviolet light to excite a photoinitiator which interacts with an amine to form free radicals and initiate polymerization. Used mainly in restorative dentistry. Synonym: light-activated resin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| light adaptation | The visual adjustment occurring under increased illumination in which the retinal sensitivity to light is reduced. See: light-adapted eye. Synonym: photopic adaptation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| light-adapted eye | An eye that has been exposed to light, with bleaching of rhodopsin (visual purple) and insensitivity to low illumination. Synonym: photopic eye. (05 Mar 2000) |
| light bath | Therapeutic exposure of the skin to radiant light. (05 Mar 2000) |
| light cells of thyroid | Cell's present between follicles or interspersed among follicular cell's; they are rich in mitochondria and are believed to be the source of thyrocalcitonin. Synonym: C cell, light cells of thyroid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| light chain | <immunology, protein> The lighter of the two types of polypeptide chains that are found in immunoglobulin and antibody molecules. Also used as a non-specific term for the smaller subunits of several multimeric proteins such as immunoglobulin, myosin, dynein, clathrin. (14 Oct 1997) |