| ketolytic | Causing the dissolution of ketone or acetone substances, referring usually to oxidation products of glucose and allied substances. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| ketonaemia | <biochemistry> Medical term describing the condition of having excess ketone bodies in the bloodstream. Origin: Gr. Haima = blood (09 Oct 1997) |
| ketone | <biochemistry> A byproduct of fat metabolism. An overabundance of ketones in the bloodstream is seen in a severe metabolic derangement known as diabetic ketoacidosis. (27 Sep 1997) |
| ketone alcohol | A compound containing a carbonyl or ketone group as well as a hydroxyl group; e.g., dihydroxyacetone. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ketone bodies | The substances beta-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid, and acetone, which are produced by fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism in the liver in approximately a 78:20:2 ratio. Acetoacetate is produced from acetyl-CoA. most is enzymatically converted to beta-ketobutyrate, but a small amount is spontaneously decarboxylated to acetone. The ketone bodies can be used as fuels by muscle and brain tissue. In starvation and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, large quantities are produced, causing metabolic acidosis and elevated blood and urine levels of all three ketone bodies. (12 Dec 1998) |
| ketone body | <biochemistry> Any of the three compounds created by acetyl coenzyme A (acetoacetate, hydroxybutyrate, and acetone) which are water-soluble cellular fuels normally exported by the liver. They can build up in the blood and body tissues because of starvation, untreated diabetes mellitus, or other disorders that interfere with carbohydrate metabolism. The body rids itself of ketones mainly through urine, but it rids itself of acetone through the lungs, which gives the breath a characteristic fruity odour. If ketones build up in the body long enough, they cause serious illness and coma (see ketoacidosis.) (09 Oct 1997) |
| ketone oxidoreductases | <enzyme> Registry number: EC 1.2. (12 Dec 1998) |
| ketone-aldehyde mutase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the interconversion of methylglyoxal and lactate, with glutathione serving as a coenzyme. Chemical name: S-Lactoyl-glutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing) Registry number: EC 4.4.1.5 (12 Dec 1998) |
| ketonic | <chemistry> Pertaining to, or derived from, a ketone; as, a ketonic acid. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| ketonimine dyes | Dye's in which the chromophore is ==C==NH connected to two benzene rings; alkylamino groups are added para to the methane carbon on both rings. The most important member for biological purposes is auramine O; an alternative formulation is as a diphenylmethane dye. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ketonization | Conversion into a ketone. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ketonuria | <biochemistry> The presence of ketone bodies in the urine, this is a symptom of diabetes mellitus. Origin: Gr. Ouron = urine (09 Oct 1997) |
| ketopantoic acid | Oxidised precursor of pantoic acid, intermediate on the synthetic pathway between alpha-ketoisovaleric acid and pantothenic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ketopentose | A five-carbon sugar in which carbons 2, 3, or 4 make up part of a carbonyl group; e.g., ribulose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ketoprofen | <chemical> 3-benzoyl-alpha-methylbenzeneacetic acid. An ibuprofen-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Pharmacological action: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Chemical name: Benzeneacetic acid, 3-benzoyl-alpha-methyl- (12 Dec 1998) |