| 영문 | heart murmur | 한글 | 심장잡음 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 심장에서는 정상적으로 소리가 난다. 그 소리는 주로 판막이 닫힐 때 나는 소리로 쿵－쾅하는 2개의 소리로 보통 이루어진다. 처음에 나는 저음의 소리를 제 1심음이라고 하고 이것은 주로 승모판이나 삼첨판이 닫힐 때 나는 소리다. 그리고 두번째 나는 고음의 소리를 제 2심음이라고 한다. 이것은 주로 대동맥판이나 폐동맥판이 닫힐 때 나는 소리이다. 그리고 소아에서 정상적으로 들리는 제 3심음이 있다. 이것은 심방에서 들어오는 혈액이 심실에서 부딪혀서 나는 소리로 아주 약하고 낮은 소리이다. 심잡음이란 이런 정상적인 심음을 제외한 심장에서 나는 소리를 이르는 말이다. 심잡음의 기원과 의미를 정확히 판단하려면 심주기상 어느 시기에 청진되는가(수축기, 확장기, 연속성), 가장 크게 청진되는 부위가 어디인가, 전파되는 부위는 어디인가, 심잡음의 강도와 질은 어떠한가, 호흡과의 관계는 어떠한가를 분석하여야 한다. |
||
| 영문 | heart-lung machine | 한글 | 심장-허파 기계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 심장의 수술에 사용되는 기계로서 심장이 수술을 받고 있는 동안 기능을 하지 못하므로 이 기능을 대신 해주는 기계이다. 이것은 대정맥과 대동맥사이에 연결이 되어서 혈액을 강제로 순환시키면서 대정맥에서 온 피에 산소를 공급하여 대동맥으로 돌려 보내는 역할을 한다. 즉 심장과 폐의 역할을 동시에 하는 기계이다. |
||
| HT | Hashimoto thyroiditis; hearing test; hearing threshold; heart; heart transplantation, heart transpla... |
|---|---|
| ARF | acute renal failure; acute respiratory failure; acute rheumatic fever; Addiction Research Foundation... |
| CRF | case report form; chronic renal failure; chronic respiratory failure; coagulase-reacting factor; con... |
| RF | radial fiber; radio frequency; receptive field; regurgitant fraction; Reitland-Franklin [unit]; rela... |
| RVF | renal vascular failure; Rift Valley fever; right ventricular failure; right visual field |
| dental restoration failure | Inability or inadequacy of a dental restoration or prosthesis to perform as expected. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| ovarian failure, premature | Premature failure of ovulation associated with hypergonadotropinism and hypoestrogenism in women under the age of 40. The aetiology appears to be multifactorial and many cases are idiopathic. When follicles are present but the ovaries are unable to respond to gonadotropins, resistant ovary syndrome results and this may be associated with autoimmune disease. Even when there is a loss of ovarian follicles, it is not always complete. Permanent and irreversible loss of follicles is termed premature menopause (menopause, premature). (12 Dec 1998) |
| electrical failure | Failure in which the cardiac inadequacy is secondary to disturbance of the electrical impulse. (05 Mar 2000) |
| treatment failure | A measure of the quality of health care by assessing the unsuccessful results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease. (12 Dec 1998) |
| equipment failure | Failure of equipment to perform up to standards. The failure may be due to defects or improper use. (12 Dec 1998) |
| equipment failure analysis | Determination of reliability and maintainability of equipment. (12 Dec 1998) |
| failure | The state of insufficiency or nonperformance. (05 Mar 2000) |
| failure to thrive | <paediatrics> A clinical finding in infants often associated with poor weight gain, malnutrition, poor feeding and a weight for age that is less than the 5th percentile. (27 Sep 1997) |
| kidney failure | <nephrology> The inability of the kidneys to adequately remove wastes from the bloodstream, resulting in severe metabolic derangement's. See: acute renal failure. (27 Sep 1997) |
| kidney failure, acute | A clinical syndrome characterised by a sudden decrease in glomerular filtration rate, often to values of less than 1 to 2 ml per minute. It is usually associated with oliguria (urine volumes of less than 400 ml per day) and is always associated with biochemical consequences of the reduction in glomerular filtration rate such as a rise in blood urea nitrogen (bun) and serum creatinine concentrations. (12 Dec 1998) |
| kidney failure, chronic | An irreversible and usually progressive reduction in renal function in which both kidneys have been damaged by a variety of diseases to the extent that they are unable to adequately remove the metabolic products from the blood and regulate the body's electrolyte composition and acid-base balance. Chronic kidney failure requires haemodialysis or surgery, usually kidney transplantation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| left ventricular failure | <cardiology> A disorder where the left side of the heart fails to pump blood effectively. This results in a back flow (and pressure) and congestion of blood into the lungs. The causes of this condition include, valvular heart disease, cardiomyopathy, anaemia, hyperthyroidism, atrial myxoma, drug toxicity and congenital heart disease. Risk factors include diabetes, alcoholism, obesity and smoking. Symptoms include increasing shortness of breath with activity and while lying flat. Other symptoms include cough, palpitations, fatigue, decreased urine production and waking in the middle of the nigh with difficulty breathing. Complications include pulmonary oedema, arrhythmias and pleural effusion. (27 Sep 1997) |
| liver failure | A condition of severe end-stage liver dysfunction that is accompanied by a decline in mental status that may range from confusion (hepatic encephalopathy) to unresponsiveness (hepatic coma). Other features include a mousy odour to the breath, difficulty with balance and walking, tremor and impaired speech. (27 Sep 1997) |
| liver failure, acute | A form of liver failure with rapid onset. It is often induced by the toxic effect of drugs and various toxic substances in experimental studies in animals and in clinical states in humans. If coma ensues, the constellation of neurological symptoms is referred to as hepatic encephalopathy. (12 Dec 1998) |
| low output failure | Heart failure in which the cardiac output is subnormal, as is usually seen in failure due to coronary, hypertensive, or valvular heart disease. (05 Mar 2000) |