| 영문 | therapy | 한글 | 요법 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 병을 낫게 하는 것 또는 그 방법. |
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| 영문 | gene therapy | 한글 | 유전자요법 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 유전병을 치료할 목적으로, 정상적으로 기능하는 단일유전자 혹은 복수유전자를 어떤 기원에서 얻어내어 생세포에 도입하는 것. 유전물질은 유전자삽입 조작에 의해 수용세포에로 도입된다. 즉, 유전자를 끼워 넣은 새로운 세포를 사용하는 치료로서 1980년 미국의 학자가 지중해빈혈환자에게 강행하여 비판을 받았지만, 미국 국립보건연구소는 1990년 9월 아데노신 데아미나아제(adenosine deaminase, ADA) 결핍증 환자의 림프구에 ADA 유전자를 끼워 넣는 치료를 시작한 이래 현재는 암을 포함한 많은 질병들을 치료하는 목적으로 쓰인다. |
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| 영문 | Electric convulsive therapy(ECT) | 한글 | 전기경련요법 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 뇌에 전기 자극을 주어 인위적으로 경련을 유발함으로써 정신 병을 치료하는 방법. 전기쇼크요법(electroshock therapy)이라고도 한다. 1938년에 이탈리아의 체를레티와 비니에 의해 시작되었다. 작용기전은 확실치 않으나 뇌의 신진대사, 생화학 및 효소 등에 변화를 일으킨다는 생물학적, 생화학적 학설이 유력하다. 적응증으로 가장 효과적인 병은 우울증으로 특히 여성에서 갱년기에 호발하는 갱년기 우울증, 우울증과 조증(아주 기분이 좋은 상태가 지속되는 정신병)이 일정한 주기를 두고 반복하는 조울증에 잘 쓰이며, 80~90%에서 효과가 있다. |
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| AART | American Association for Rehabilitation Therapy; American Association for Respiratory Therapy |
|---|---|
| ACT | achievement through counseling and treatment; actin; actinomycin; activated clotting time; advanced ... |
| ERT | esophageal radionuclide transit; estrogen replacement therapy; examination room terminal; external r... |
| ICT | icteric, icterus; indirect Coombs test; inflammation of connective tissue; insulin coma therapy; int... |
| OT | objective test; oblique talus; occlusion time; occupational therapist, occupational therapy; ocular ... |
| ion exchanger | See: anion exchanger, cation exchanger. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| ion exchange resin | <chemistry> A resin of polymers that havefixed charged groups which is used in chromatographic columns to separate ions. (27 Oct 1998) |
| ion exchange resins | <chemistry> High molecular weight, insoluble polymers which contain functional groups that are capable of undergoing exchange reactions (ion exchange) with either cations or anions. See: ion exchange, ion exchanger. (12 Dec 1998) |
| ion pump | A membranal complex of proteins that is capable of transporting ions against a concentration gradient using the energy from ATP. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ion pumps | Integral membrane proteins that transport ions across a membrane against an electrochemical gradient. (12 Dec 1998) |
| ion selective electrode | An electrode half cell, with a semi permeable membrane that is permeable only to a single ion. The electrical potential measured between this and a reference half cell (e.g. A calomel electrode) is thus the Nernst potential for the ion. Given that the solution filling the ion selective electrode is known, the activity (rather than concentration) of the ion in the unknown solution can be measured. Commercial ion selective electrodes frequently use a hydrophobic membrane containing an ionophore, such as valinomycin (for potassium) or monensin (for sodium). A pH electrode is made with a thin membrane of pH sensitive (i.e. Proton permeable) glass. (18 Nov 1997) |
| ion-selective electrodes | Electrodes which can be used to measure the concentration of particular ions in cells, tissues, or solutions. (12 Dec 1998) |
| ion transport | The movement of ions across energy-transducing cell membranes. Transport can be active or passive. Passive ion transport (facilitated diffusion) derives its energy from the concentration gradient of the ion itself and allows the transport of a single solute in one direction (uniport). Active ion transport is usually coupled to an energy-yielding chemical or photochemical reaction such as ATP hydrolysis. This form of primary active transport is called an ion pump. Secondary active transport utilises the voltage and ion gradients produced by the primary transport to drive the cotransport of other ions or molecules. These may be transported in the same (symport) or opposite (antiport) direction. (12 Dec 1998) |
| oxonium ion | <chemistry> A positively charged ion that is water with an additional hydrogen atom (H3O). (09 Oct 1997) |
| tetraethylammonium ion | A monovalent cation widely used in neurophysiology as a specific blocker of potassium channels. It is similar in size to the hydrated potassium ion and gets stuck (reversibly) in the channels. (18 Nov 1997) |
| field ion microscope | <instrument> Type of microscopy in which the specimen is illuminated with ions, often gallium ions, that are focussed electrostatically. The ions remove components of the specimen, lower atomic masses first. These are imaged and provide information on elemental distribution with a resolution of perhaps 30 nm. (18 Nov 1997) |
| ligand gated ion channel | A transmembrane ion channel whose permeability is increased by the binding of a specific ligand, typically a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse. The permeability change is often drastic, such channels let through effectively no ions when shut, but allow passage at up to 10exp7 ions sexp 1 when a ligand is bound. Recently, the receptors for both acetylcholine and GABA have been found to share considerable sequence homology, implying that there may be a family of structurally related ligand gated ion channels. (18 Nov 1997) |
| light-ion fusion | <radiobiology> Light-Ion-Beam-Driven Inertial Confinement fusion, using beams of light ions driven at implosion targets. Pulsed-power driven accelerators are relatively efficient and cost-effective, but beam-focusing is a technical hurdle for this approach. (09 Oct 1997) |
| acupuncture therapy | Treatment of disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians. The placement varies with the disease being treated. Heat or moxibustion and acupressure may be used in conjunction. (12 Dec 1998) |
| adjuvant therapy | <oncology, pharmacology> Treatment that is added to increase the effectiveness of a primary treatment. In cancer, adjuvant treatment usually refers to chemotherapy, hormonal therapy or radiation therapy after surgery to increase the likelihood of killing all cancer cells. (14 May 1997) |