| 영문 | blood gas | 한글 | 혈액가스, 혈액기체 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액 속에 용해되어 있는 산소, 이산화탄소, 질소 따위의 기체. 혈액의 산성-염기성의 정도를 측정할 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | blood test | 한글 | 혈액검사 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액형이나 질병 유무 따위를 알기 위하여 피를 뽑아 행하는 검사. 몸 전체의 장기나 조직에 병터가 있으면 이들 성분에 변화가 있게 되어 진단에 큰 도움을 준다. |
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| 영문 | blood-brain barrier | 한글 | 혈액뇌장벽 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액으로부터 뇌로는 지질용해성이 높은 약물밖에 이행되지 않는다. 수용성의 약물을 뇌로 이행되지 않게 하고 있는 것이 혈액뇌장벽이며 뇌의 모세혈관 내피세포, 모세혈관 주위의 세포가 장벽이 되고 있다. 물질교환은 수동확산에 의해 이루어지지만, 뇌의 생리적 활동에 필요한 물질은 이온형이라도 담체를 통해 이행된다. |
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| 영문 | blood volume | 한글 | 혈액량 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 체내에 존재하는 혈액의 총량으로서, 보통 리터 또는 체중 1kg에 대하여 리터수로 표시한다. |
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| 영문 | blood urea nitrogen | 한글 | 혈액요소질소 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 요소는 아미노산의 탈아미노에 의해 생긴 암노니아와 탄산가스로부터 간에서 합성된다. 혈중에서는 혈장과 혈구의 물성분 안에 함유되어 있다. 혈액요소질소는 콩팥토리에서 여과되며 일부 요세관에서 재흡수되고, 나머지가 오줌중에 배설된다. 따라서 혈액요소질소는 콩팥기능의 저하에 따라 증가되지만, 식사단백질 섭취량, 조직붕괴, 위장관 출혈 등과 탈수 등 순환혈액량의 이상으로 변동된다. |
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| scanning electron microscope | <instrument> An electron microscope in which the image is formed by a beam synchronised with an electron probe scanning the object. The intensity of the image forming beam is proportional to the scattering or secondary emission of the specimen where the probe strikes it (05 Aug 1998) |
|---|---|
| scanning electron microscopy | <procedure> Technique of electron microscopy in which the specimen is coated with heavy metal and then scanned by an electron beam. The image is built up on a monitor screen (in the same way as the raster builds a conventional television image). The resolution is not so great as with transmission electron microscopy, but preparation is easier (often by fixation followed by critical point drying), the depth of focus is relatively enormous, the surface of a specimen can be seen (though not the interior unless the specimen is cracked open) and the image is aesthetically pleasing. (18 Nov 1997) |
| scanning equalization radiography | An electronically enhanced method of radiography in which a small X-ray beam is scanned over the patient while its attenuation is measured, providing feedback to modulate beam intensity in order to equalise average X-ray film exposure. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Scanning Probe Microscopy | <technique> Initially called Atomic Force Microscopy, this technique is now more typically termed Scanning Force Microscopy or Scanning Probe Microscopy. This instrument is essentially an extremely high resolution profilometre. A sharp tip, typically fabricated from silicon nitride, is scanned across the surface of a sample at a constant force by three piezoelectric ceramics. The piezoelectric ceramics are computer controlled via a feedback loop which monitors the position of the tip by means of an optical lever. (A laser is focused on the top of the tip support and the beam reflected into a position sensitive detector). The changes in height of the tip are used to form an image as the tip is scanned across the sample. Acronym: SPM (26 Mar 1998) |
| scanning speech | Measured or metered, often slow speech. (05 Mar 2000) |
| scanning transmission electron microscopy | <procedure> Method of electron microscopy in which image formation depends upon analysis of the pattern of energies of electrons that pass through the specimen. Has comparable resolving power to conventional transmission EM. (18 Nov 1997) |
| scanning tunnelling microscopy | <procedure> A form of ultra high resolution microscopy of a surface in which a very small current is passed through a surface and is detected by a microprobe of atomic dimnensions at its tip that scans the surface by use of a piezodrive. In the simplest form the current transferred to the probe is recorded as an indication of the contours of molecules on the surface above the local plane. In more complex forms feedback is used to hold the probe at a constant difference and the signal in the feedback loop indicates the contours of the molecule. Capable of resolving single atoms and known to work for nonconducting molecules as well as conducting ones. (18 Nov 1997) |
| Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy | <technique> Scanning electron microscopy is performed by scanning a focused probe across the surface of the sample to be studied. In the environmental scanning electron microscopy the composition and pressure of the atmosphere around the specimen may be controlled. In favourable cases non-conductive specimens may be examined without coating, and hydrated specimens may be examined with the water still in place. Acronym: ESEM (05 Aug 1998) |
| linker scanning | A type of deletion mutagenesis where the distance and/or reading frame between potentially important regions is maintained by replacement with a synthetic oligonucleotide of known sequence. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ABO blood group | <haematology> The major human blood type system which describes the oligosaccharide glycoprotein antigens found on the surface of human blood cells. According to the type of antigen present, a person may be assigned a blood type of A, B, AB or O. A second type of antigen, the Rh factor, renders a positive or negative blood type. The ABO blood group system is important because it determines who can donate blood to or accept blood from whom. Type A or AB blood will cause an immune reaction in people with type B blood and type B and AB blood will cause a reaction in people with type A blood. Conversely, type O blood has no A or B antigens, so people with type O blood are universal donors. And since AB blood already produces both antigens, people who are type AB can accept any of the other blood types without suffering an immune reaction. (04 Jul 1999) |
| Almen's test for blood | Glacial acetic acid, gum guaiac solution, and hydrogen peroxide are added to an aqueous suspension of the suspected stain; if occult blood or blood pigment is present, a blue colour develops. Synonym: guaiac test, Schonbein's test, van Deen's test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| arterial blood | Blood that is oxygenated in the lungs, found in the left chambers of the heart and in the arteries, and relatively bright red. (05 Mar 2000) |
| arterial blood gas | A test which analyses arterial blood for oxygen, carbon dioxide and bicarbonate content in addition to blood pH. Used to test the effectiveness of respiration. Acronym: ABG (17 Oct 1997) |
| blood | <haematology> Considered a circulating tissue composed of a fluid portion (plasma) with suspended formed elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets). Arterial blood is the means by which oxygen and nutrients are transported to tissues, venous blood is the means by which carbon dioxide and metabolic by-products are transported for excretion. (05 Jan 1998) |
| blood agar | <cell culture> An agar-based medium which hasbeen enriched with sterilised, defibinated blood (sheep, rabbit or horse). It is used for primary plating andsubculturing, especially to determine bacterial haemolysis. (09 Oct 1997) |