¼±Åà - È­»ìǥŰ/¿£ÅÍŰ ´Ý±â - ESC

 
"fusion-inferred threshold test"¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °Ë»ö °á°úÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °Ë»ö °á°ú º¸´Â µµÁß¿¡ Tab ۸¦ ´©¸£½Ã¸é °Ë»ö âÀÌ ¼±Åõ˴ϴÙ.
¾Ë±â½¬¿î ÀÇÇпë¾îÇ®ÀÌÁý, ¼­¿ïÀÇ´ë ±³¼ö ÁöÁ¦±Ù, °í·ÁÀÇÇÐ ÃâÆÇ À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 5 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
¿µ¹® hearing test ÇÑ±Û Ã»·Â°Ë»ç
¼³¸í   
  ±Í°¡ µé¸®´Â Á¤µµ¸¦ ÃøÁ¤Çϴ °Ë»ç. Ã»°¢°Ë»ç¶ó°íµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ¼Ò¸®³ª ¸ñ¼Ò¸®°¡ Àß µé¸®´ÂÁöÀÇ ¿©ºÎ µî Ã»°¢ÀÇ ¿¹¹ÎÇÑ Á¤µµ¸¦ ÃøÁ¤Çϴ ÀÏÀÌ´Ù. °Ë»ç¿¡´Â Ã»·Â°è³ª ¼Ò¸®±Á¼è µîÀÇ ±â±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¾ò´Â À½¿ø, Áï ¼øÀ½À» »ç¿ëÇϸç, »ç¶÷ÀÇ ¸ñ¼Ò¸®³ª ½Ã°è¼Ò¸® µîµµ À½¿øÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¶Ç À½ÆÄ°¡ ÀüÆÄµÇ´Â ¸ÅÁú¿¡ µû¶ó ±âµµ Ã»·Â°Ë»ç¿Í °ñµµ Ã»·Â°Ë»ç·Î ±¸º°µÇ±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. °Ë»çÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ¸·Î´Â Ã»°¢ÀÇ »óÇÏÀ½°è³ª ÃÖ¼Ò °¡Ã»¹®ÅΰªÀÇ °Ë»ç¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÏ¿©, ÃæºÐÈ÷ µé¸®´Â ¼Ò¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ±×°ÍÀÌ µé¸®´Â »óŸ¦ Á¶»çÇϴ ¹®Åΰª°Ë»ç(¼Ò¸®ÀÇ Å©±â¿Í »óÅÂÀÇ °Ë»ç, ¼¼±âÀÇ ÆÇº°¿ª°Ë»ç µî) ¿Ü¿¡ À½ÇâÀÚ±ØÀÇ ¹ÝÀÀÀ¸·ÎºÎÅ͠Ÿ°¢ÀûÀ¸·Î Á¶»çÇϴ ¹æ¹ýµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, À̰ÍÀº ÁַΠ°«³­¾Æ±â³ª Á¤½Åº´È¯ÀÚ¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ÁַΠû·Â°è°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ°í, Ã»·ÂÀº µ¥½Ãº§(dB)·Î Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù. Á¤»óÀÎÀº 0dBÀ̰í, ³­Ã»ÀÚÀϼö·Ï ±× ¼ö°¡ Ä¿Áö¸ç, 60dBÀÌ»óÀº »ó´çÈ÷ ³­Ã»À̰í, 80dB ÀÌ»óÀ̸頱͸ӰŸ®ÀÌ´Ù.
¿µ¹® Coombs test ÇÑ±Û Å©¿òÁî°Ë»ç
¼³¸í   
  ÀûÇ÷±¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç×ü¸¦ °Ë»çÇϴ ¹æ¹ý. Ç×ü¶õ Æ¯Á¤ÇÑ ¹°Áú¿¡ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î ±× ¹°ÁúÀÇ ÀÛ¿ëÀ» ¾ïÁ¦Çϰí, ¶Ç´Â ±× ¹°ÁúÀ» ÆÄ±«Çϴ °ÍÀ¸·Î B-¸²ÇÁ±¸¶ó´Â ¸é¿ªÀ» ´ã´çÇϴ ¼¼Æ÷¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼­ ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù. ÀÌ Å©¿òÁî°Ë»ç¿¡´Â Á÷Á¢Å©¿òÁî°Ë»ç¿Í °£Á¢Å©¿òÁî°Ë»çÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö°¡ Àִµ¥ Á÷Á¢ Å©¿òÁî°Ë»ç´Â ¸ö¼ÓÀÇ ÀûÇ÷±¸¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î Àִ Ç×ü¸¦ °Ë»çÇϴ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. Ã¤ÃëÇÑ Ç÷¾×À» ÀûÇ÷±¸¸¦ ¾ò¾î¼­ »ç¶÷ÀÇ Ç×ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç×ü(»ç¶÷ÀÇ Ç×ü¿¡ Æ¯Á¤ÇϰԠºÎÂøÀÌ µÇ´Â Ç×ü)¸¦ ¹ÝÀÀ½Ã۸é, ¸¸¾à ÀûÇ÷±¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç×ü°¡ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î Àִ ÀûÇ÷±¸¶ó¸é »ç¶÷ÀÇ Ç×ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç×ü°¡, ÀÛ¿ëÇÏ¿© Ä§°­ ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ÀϾ°Ô µÇ°í Ç×ü°¡ ºÎÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Â ÀûÇ÷±¸À̸頹ÝÀÀÀÌ ÀϾÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. °£Á¢Å©¿òÁî°Ë»ç´Â Ç÷Àå¼Ó¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇϴ ÀûÇ÷±¸¿Í ºÎÂøµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº Ç×ü¸¦ Ã£¾Æ³»´Â ½ÃÇèÀ¸·Î Ç÷ÀåÀ» Ã¤ÃëÇØ¼­ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷ÀÇ ÀûÇ÷±¸¿Í ¹ÝÀÀÀ» ½ÃŰ°í ¿ª½Ã Ç×ü¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç×ü¸¦ ¹ÝÀÀ½ÃÄѠħ°­¹ÝÀÀÀ» °üÂûÇØ¼­ ±× Ç×ü¸¦ Ã£¾Æ³»´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
¿µ¹® tuberculin test ÇÑ±Û Æ©º£¸£Ä𸰰˻ç
¼³¸í   
  ¸¹Àº ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅÂÀÇ Æ©º£¸£Ä𸰰ú ´Ù¾çÇÑ Åõ¿©¹æ¹ý¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸ðµç Á¾·ùÀÇ °áÇÙ ÇǺΰ˻ç¹ý. ÇöÀç Ç¥ÁØ ½ÃÇè¹ýÀ¸·Î µÇ¾îÀִ °¡À堽źù¼ºÀִ °Ë»ç·Î´Â PPD¸¦ Çdz»ÁÖ»çÇϴ ¹æ¹ý¸ÁÅä¿ì °Ë»çÀÌ´Ù. Çdz»ÁÖ»çÈÄ 48~72½Ã°£ ÈÄ¿¡ ÁÖ»çºÎÀ§¿¡ Á÷°æ 10mmÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î º¸À̸ç, ¸¸Á®Áö´Â È«¹Ý°ú °æÈ­°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸é ¾ç¼ºÀÌ´Ù. ¼ºÀο¡°Ô´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Áß°£ °­µµÀÇ Æ©º£¸£Äð¸°(5Tu)À» »ç¿ëÇϸç, ¾ç¼º¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³ª¸é °áÇÙ±Õ¿¡ ÀÌÀü¿¡ °¨¿°µÇ¾ú°Å³ª ÇöÀç °¨¿°µÇ¾î Àִٴ ȮÁ¤Àû Áø´ÜÀÌ µÈ´Ù. À½¼º¹ÝÀÀÀº °áÇÙÀÌ ¾ø°Å³ª, ½ÉÇÑ °áÇÙ°¨¿°¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ÇǺξ˷¹¸£±â°¡ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì, ¶Ç´Â ¸é¿ª¾ïÁ¦¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Â º´, ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é È£ÁöŲº´À̳ª »ç¸£ÄÚÀ̵åÁõ µîÀÌ ÇÕº´µÈ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.
¿µ¹® Papanicolaou smear(test) ÇÑ±Û ÆÄÆÄ´ÏÄÝ·Î µµ¸»°Ë»ç
¼³¸í   
  ÁÙ¿©¼­ ÆËµµ¸»°Ë»ç(Pap smear)À̶ó°í ºÎ¸¥´Ù. ¿©¼ºÀÇ Àڱøñ¾ÏÀÇ ¹ß»ýÀ» ¹Ì¸® ¾Ë¾Æº¸±â À§ÇØ ½ÃÇàÇϴ °Ë»ç¹ýÀ¸·Î ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ÇöÀç Àڱøñ¾Ï¹ß»ý¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »ç¸Á·üÀ» ÇöÀúÈ÷ ³·Ãß°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹æ¹ýÀº »êºÎÀΰú¿¡¼­ ½ÃÇàÇϸç, ¿©¼ºÀÇ Àڱøñ¿¡¼­ ¼¼Æ÷¸¦ °¡Á®´Ù°¡ µµ¸»ÇÏ¿© Çö¹Ì°æÀ¸·Î °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù. ¿äÁîÀ½¿¡ ¿Í¼­´Â Àڱøñ»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó È£Èí±â³ª ºñ´¢±â µî ºÐºñ¹°À» µµ¸»ÇÏ¿© ÆÄÆÄ´ÏÄݷΠ¿°»öÀ» ÇÏ¿© °Ë»çÇϴ °Íµµ ¿©±â¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ.
  
  (±×¸² P-3).
¿µ¹® glucose tolerance test ÇÑ±Û Æ÷µµ´ç°ßµõ°Ë»ç
¼³¸í   
  Æ÷µµ´ç°ßµõ °Ë»ç¶õ ´ç´¢º´ÀÇ Áø´Ü¿¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °Ë»ç·Î ´çÀ» Ã¼³»¿¡ Åõ¿©ÇÏ°í ½Ã°£ º°·Î Ç÷¾×À» Ã¤ÃëÇÏ¿© Ç÷´çÀÇ ³óµµ¸¦ Àç¾î¼­ °íÇ÷´ç ¿©ºÎ¸¦ Á¶»çÇϴ °Ë»çÀÌ´Ù. ÁַΠ°æ±¸Æ÷µµ´ç°ßµõ°Ë»ç(oral glucose tolerance test)¸¦ ¸¹ÀÌ Çϴµ¥ À̰ÍÀº 10~16½Ã°£ÀÇ ±Ý½Ä ÈÄ¿¡ Ã¤Ç÷À» Çѹø Çѵڿ¡ µµ´ç 75gÀ» 250~300mLÀÇ ¹°¿¡ ³ì¿© 5ºÐ¿¡ °ÉÃļ­ ¸¶½Ã°Ô ÇÏ°í ¸Å½Ã°£ º°·Î Ã¤Ç÷À» ÇÏ¿© Ç÷´çÀÇ ³óµµ¸¦ Ã½Å©ÇÑ´Ù. °øº¹½Ã¿¡ Á¤¸Æ¿¡¼­ Ã¤Ç÷ÇÏ¿© ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ Ç÷´çÀÌ 140mg/dLÀÌ»óÀ̰ųª Æ÷µµ´ç°ßµõ °Ë»ç 2½Ã°£ÈÄÀÇ Ç÷´çÀÌ 200mg/dLÀÌ»óÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´ç´¢º´À¸·Î Áø´ÜÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ °Ë»ç¸¦ ½Ç½ÃÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Á¡Àº °Ë»çÀü 3Àϰ£ ÇÏ·ç¿¡ 150gÀÌ»óÀǠź¼öÈ­¹°À» ¼·ÃëÇØ¾ß ÇѴٴ °Í°ú °Ë»çµµÁß¿¡ ¿îµ¿, Èí¿¬ µîÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇѴٴ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 
´ëÇÑÀÇÇù ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • agar gel precipitin inhibition test
    ¿ì¹«°Öħ°­¼Ò¾ïÁ¦°Ë»ç
  • agglutination test
    ÀÀÁý°Ë»ç
  • air conduction test
    °ø±âÀüµµ°Ë»ç
  • alkali denaturation test
    ¾ËÄ®¸®º¯¼º°Ë»ç
  • alternate cover test
    ±³´ë°¡¸²°Ë»ç
  • absorption test
    Èí¼ö½ÃÇè, Èí¼ö°Ë»ç
  • Ames test
    ¿¡ÀÓ½º°Ë»ç
  • basophil degranulation test
    È£¿°±â±¸Å»°ú¸³°Ë»ç
  • Bender Gestalt test
    º¥´õ°Ô½´Å»Æ®°Ë»ç
  • Bernstein test
    ¹ø½ºÅ¸Àΰ˻ç
  • bile solubility test
    ¾µ°³Áó¿ëÇØµµ°Ë»ç, ´ãÁó¿ëÇØµµ°Ë»ç
  • biliary drainage test
    ¾µ°³Áó¹èÃâ°Ë»ç, ´ãÁó¹èÃâ°Ë»ç
  • bactericidal test
    »ì±Õ°Ë»ç
  • bacteriophage neutralization test
    ¹ÚÅ׸®¿ÀÆÄÁöÁßÈ­½ÃÇè
  • biuret test
    ºä·¿°Ë»ç
´ëÇÑÀÇÇù Çʼö ÀÇÇпë¾îÁý »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • inhibition test
    ¾ïÁ¦°Ë»ç
  • intelligence test
    Áö´É°Ë»ç
  • intradermal test
    Çdz»°Ë»ç, Çdz»¹ÝÀÀ°Ë»ç
  • metacholine challenge test
    ¸ÞŸÄݸ°À¯¹ß°Ë»ç
  • NBT test
    (¢¡nitroblue tetrazolium test) ´ÏÆ®·Îºí·çÅׯ®¶óÁ¹·ý°Ë»ç
  • nonstress test
    ºñ¼öÃà°Ë»ç
  • occlusion test
    1.¸Â¹°¸²°Ë»ç, ±³ÇÕ°Ë»ç, 2.Æó¼â°Ë»ç
  • occult blood test
    ÀáÇ÷°Ë»ç
  • oral glucose tolerance test
    °æ±¸Æ÷µµ´çºÎÇϰ˻ç
  • osmotic fragility test
    »ïÅõ¾ÐÃë¾à¼º°Ë»ç, »ïÅõ¾Ð¿©¸²¼º°Ë»ç
  • Pap test
    (¢¡Papanicolaou test) ÆÄÆÄ´ÏÄݷΰ˻ç
  • Papanicolaou test
    ÆÄÆÄ´ÏÄݷΰ˻ç
  • patch test
    ÇǺÎÁ¢Ã˰˻ç, øÆ÷°Ë»ç
  • paternity test
    Ä£ÀÚ°¨Á¤
  • pilot test
    ¿¹ºñ°Ë»ç
¿¾ ´ëÇÑÀÇÇù ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • acceptance test
    Àμö°Ë»ç
  • achievement test
    ¼ºÃëµµ°Ë»ç
  • acid challenge test
    »êÅõ¿©°Ë»ç
  • acid elution slide test
    »ê¿ëÃâ½½¶óÀ̵å°Ë»ç
  • adsorption test
    ÈíÂø½ÃÇè, ºÎÂø°Ë»ç
  • afterimage test
    ÀÜ»ó°Ë»ç
  • agar gel precipitin inhibition test
    ¿ì¹«°Öħ°­¼Ò¾ïÁ¦°Ë»ç
  • agglutination test
    ÀÀÁý°Ë»ç
  • air conduction test
    ±âµµ°Ë»ç, °ø±âÀüµµ°Ë»ç
  • alkali denaturation test
    ¾ËÄ®¸®º¯¼º°Ë»ç
  • alternate cover test
    ±³´ë°¡¸²°Ë»ç
  • antibody identification test
    Ç×üȮÀΰ˻ç
  • antibody screening test
    Ç×ü¼±º°°Ë»ç
  • antiglobulin test
    Çױ۷κҸ°°Ë»ç
  • antimicrobial susceptibility test
    Ç×±ÕÁ¦°¨¼ö¼º½ÃÇè
¿¾ ´ëÇÑÀÇÇù 2 ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • Charlton blanching test
    »þ¸¦Åæ½ÃÇè.
  • Chautards test
    ¼îŸ¸£½ÃÇè.
  • Cherry-randall test
    ü¸®-Å©¶õ´Þ½ÃÇè.
  • Chido test
    Chido ½ÃÇè
  • Chopras test
    ¼îÇÁ¶ó°Ë»ç.
  • Congo red test
    Äá°íÀû½ÃÇè.»ýÈ­Äá°í·¹µå½ÃÇè.
  • Continuous Performance Test
    Áö¼Ó¼öÇà °Ë»ç
  • Coombs consumption test
    Äñ½º¼Ò¸ð°Ë»ç
  • Cosyntropin stimulation test
    ÄÚ½ÅÆ®·ÎÇÉ ÀڱؽÃÇè
  • Cuboni s test
    Äíº¸´Ï½ÃÇè.
  • Cytronbergs test
    ½ÃÆ®·Ðº£¸£Å©½ÃÇè.
  • DAT =>direct antiglobulin test
    Á÷Á¢ Çױ۷κҸ°½ÃÇè
  • DDST=Denver developmental screening test
    µ§¹ö¹ß´ÞÁ¶»ç°Ë»ç
  • DNase test
    DNA ºÐÇØÈ¿¼Ò½ÃÇè
  • DST=dexamethasone supression test
    µ¦»ç¸ÞŸ¼Õ ¾ïÁ¦°Ë»ç
¿¾ ´ëÇÑÀÇÇù 3 ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • stimulus threshold
    ÀڱؿªÄ¡(ô§Ð½Ú¿ö·).
  • successive spatial threshold
    ¹Ýº¹¼º °ø°£ ¿ªÄ¡.
  • sugar threshold
    ´ç¿ªÄ¡.
  • swallowing threshold
    ¿¬ÇÏ¿ªÄ¡(æ¿ù»Ú¿ö·).
  • temporary threshold shift
    ÀϽÿªÄ¡º¯µ¿
  • temporary threshold shift
    Àϰú¼º ¿ªÄ¡º¯µ¿ (ìéΦàõæ´ö·Ü¨ÔÑ).
  • temporary threshold shift
    Àϰú¼º ¿ªÄ¡º¯µ¿ (ìéΦàõæ´ö·Ü¨ÔÑ)
  • threshold
    ¹®ÅÎ(°ª)
  • threshold
    ¹®ÅÎ(°ª), ¿ªÄ¡(Ú¿ö·), ÇѰèÄ¡(ùÚÍ£ö·)
  • threshold
    ¹®ÅÎ(°ª), ¿ªÄ¡(Ú¿ö·), ÇѰèÄ¡(ùÚÍ£ö·).
  • threshold concentration =limiting c.
    ¹®Åγóµµ, ¿ªÄ¡³óµµ(Ú¿ö·ÒØöô), ÇѰè³óµµ
  • threshold detector
    ¹®ÅΰËÃâ±â.
  • threshold dose
    ¹®Åη®, ¿ªÄ¡·®(Ú¿ö·åÖ).
  • threshold energy
    ¿ªÄ¡¿¡³ÊÁö
  • threshold energy
    ¹®Åο¡³ÊÁö, ¿ªÄ¡(Ú¿ö·)¿¡³ÊÁö.
´ëÇÑ»ýÈ­ÇкÐÀÚ»ý¹°ÇÐȸ ¿ë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • comb growth test
    °è°ü ¼ºÀå½ÃÇè(ͮήà÷íþãËúÐ)
  • complementation test
    »óº¸½ÃÇè(ßÓÜÍãËúÐ)
  • complement fixation inhibition test
    º¸Ã¼°íÁ¤ ÀúÇØ½ÃÇè(ÜÍô÷ͳïÒîÁúªãËúÐ)
  • complement fixation test
    º¸Ã¼°íÁ¤½ÃÇè(ÜÍô÷ͳïÒãËúÐ)
  • consumption test
    ¼Ò¸ð½ÃÇè(á¼ÙÄãËúÐ)
  • Coombs' test
    ÄñÁî ½ÃÇè(ãËúÐ)
  • cross-agglutination test
    ±³Â÷ÀÀÁý °Ë»ç(Îßó©ëêó¢ËþÞÛ)
  • Farr test
    ÆÄ¾Æ ½ÃÇè (ãËúÐ)
  • Fehling's test
    Æç¸µ ½ÃÇè(ãËúÐ)
  • fluctuation test
    ¿äµ¿ ½ÃÇè(èôÔÑãËúÐ)
  • Fouchet's test
    Ǫ½¦ °Ë»ç(ËþÞÛ)
  • F test
    F ½ÃÇè(ãËúÐ)
  • galactose tolerance test
    °¶¶ôÅ佺 ³»¼º°Ë»ç(Ò±àõËþÞÛ)
  • glucose tolerance test
    ±Û·çÄÚ½º ³»¼º °Ë»ç(Ò±àõì×í­)
  • hapten inhibition test
    ÇÕÅÙ ÀúÇØ½ÃÇè(ãËúÐ)
KI ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 2 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • treadmill exercise test
    ´äÂ÷¿îµ¿°Ë»ç
  • vestibular function test
    ÀüÁ¤±â´É°Ë»ç
KMLE ÀÇÇоà¾î »çÀü À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 5 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
MRT magnetic resonance tomography; maximum relaxation time; median range score; median reaction time; me...
OT objective test; oblique talus; occlusion time; occupational therapist, occupational therapy; ocular ...
Bz-Ty-PABA test N-Benzoyl-L-Tyrosyl-p-Amino-Benzoic Acid test
  = Bentiromide test
  = Tr...
DAT delayed-action tablet; dementia Alzheimer's type; dental aptitude test; diacetylthiamine; diet as to...
IT immunological test; immunotherapy; implantation test; individual therapy; information technology; in...
KMLE ÀÚµ¿ÃßÃâ ÀÇÇоà¾î »çÀü À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 5 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
LT Lactate Threshold
LT Low-threshold
LTS Low-threshold Ca2+ spikes
LTM Low-threshold mechanoreceptive
LTS Low-threshold spike
°æºÏ´ë Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­³»°ú ±³½Ç »çÀü À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
    ¼³¸í
  • Adler's test
    ¾Æµé·¯ ½ÃÇè
    µ¿ÀǾî=benzidine test. º¥ÁöµòÀÇ ºùÃÊ»ê Æ÷È­ ¿ë¾×¿¡ °°Àº ¾çÀÇ 3% °ú»êÈ­¼ö¼Ò¿Í ÇÇ°Ë¾× 1 §¢¸¦ °¡ÇÏ¿© û»öÀÌ »ý±â¸é Ç÷¾×ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
  • adsorption test
    ÈíÂø ½ÃÇè
  • agglutination test
    ÀÀÁý ½ÃÇè
  • agglutinin absorption test
    ÀÀÁý¼Ò Èí¼ö ½ÃÇè
    ¸é¿ª Ç÷û Áß¿¡ ÇÔÀ¯µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀÀÁý¼Ò¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇϰí, ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ÀÀÁý¼Ò¸¸À» ÇÔÀ¯ÇÏ´Â ÀÎÀÚ Ç÷ûÀ» ¸¸µå´Â ¹æ¹ý. ¸é¿ª Ç÷û¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀÀÁý¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀÁý¿ø
  • air test
    °ø±â ½ÃÇè
  • alkali denaturation test
    ¾ËÄ®¸® º¯¼º ½ÃÇè
    žƼº Çì¸ð±Û·ÎºóÀÇ ³óµµ¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ºÐ±¤ºñ»ö¹ýÀ¸·Î, °¨µµ´Â ÁßÁ¤µµÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ½ÃÇèÀº Çì¸ð±Û·Îºó ºÐÀÚ°¡ ¾ËÄ®¸®¿¡ ³ëÃâµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ ±Û·Îºó ºÎºÐÀÇ º¯¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Çì¸ð±Û·Îºó ºÐÀÚÀÇ ÀúÇ×µµ¿¡ ´Þ·Á ÀÖ´Ù.
  • Allen's test
    ¾Ë·» ½ÃÇè
  • allergen test
    ¾Ë·¹¸£°Õ ½ÃÇè
    ¾Ë·¹¸£±â¼º ÁúȯÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ´Â ¾Ë·¹¸£°ÕÀ» °ËÃâ, È®ÀÎÇÏ´Â °Ë»ç¹ý. ½ÃÇè°ü³» ¹ÝÀÀ°ú »ýü ³» ¹ÝÀÀÀ¸·Î ³ª´¶´Ù. ½ÃÇè°ü³» ¹ÝÀÀ¿¡´Â Ç÷ûÇÐÀû ¹ÝÀÀ ¿Ü¿¡ ¹éÇ÷±¸ ¿ëü¹ÝÀÀÀ̳ª Ç÷¼ÒÆÇ ¿ëÇØ¹ÝÀÀ, È÷½ºÅ¸¹Î À¯¸®½ÃÇè, Å»°ú¸³ ½ÃÇè µîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. »ýü³» ¹ÝÀÀÀº, Á÷Á¢ ȯÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·¹¸£°ÕÀ» Åõ¿©ÇÏ¿©, Áõ¼¼ÀÇ ¹ßÇöÀ» Á¶»çÇÏ´Â À¯¹ß½ÃÇè°ú, ´Ù¸¥ °Ç°­ÇÑ »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô ȯÀÚÀÇ Ç÷û, ¶Ç´Â ¹éÇ÷±¸¸¦ ÁÖ»çÇÑ ÈÄ ¾Ë·¹¸£°ÕÀ» Åõ¿©ÇÏ¿© ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸´Â Çǵ¿¼º Àü°¡½ÃÇèÀ¸·Î ³ª´¶´Ù. ÀüÀÚ¿¡´Â ÇǺΠ¹ÝÀÀÀ̳ª Á¡¸· ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ÀÖ°í, ÈÄÀÚ¿¡´Â ÇÁ¶ó¿ì½º´ÏÃ÷-Äû½ºÆ®³Ê ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
  • alternate binaural loudness balance test
    ±³´ë¼º À½ Å©±â ÆòÇü ½ÃÇè, ¾çÀ̱³´ë À½ÆòÇü°Ë»ç, ¾çÀ̱³´ë¼º À½ÆòÇü °Ë»ç
  • alternate prism cover test
    ±³´ë ÇÁ¸®Áò °¡¸² °Ë»ç
  • Ames test
    ¿¡ÀÓ½º ½ÃÇè, ¿¡ÀÓ½º ½ÇÇè, µ¹¿¬º¯ÀÌ À¯¹ß ½ÃÇè
    1. ¿ÜÀμº È÷½ºÆ¼µòÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â »ì¸ð³Ú¶ó ƼÇǹ¸®¿òÀÇ µ¹¿¬º¯ÀÌÁ¾À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© È÷½ºÆ¼µòÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ¹èÁö¿¡ ½ÃÇèÇÒ È­Çй°ÁúÀ» ¿Ã·Á³õ¾Æ µ¹¿¬º¯ÀÌÁ¾ÀÌ Á¤»óÁ¾À¸·Î º¯È­½Ãų °¡´É¼ºÀÌ Å« °ÍÀ̹ǷΠ±×¸¸Å­ ¹ß¾Ï¼ºÀÌ Å©´Ù°í ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 2. ¹ß¾Ï¼º ¹°Áú ÃßÃâÀ» À§ÇÑ ½ÃÇèÀ¸·Î, È÷½ºÆ¼µò ÇÕ¼º¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ È¿¼Ò¸¦ °á¿©Çϰí ÀÖ´Â Salmonella ty
  • aminopyrine breath test
    ¾Æ¹Ì³ëÇǸ° È£Èí °Ë»ç
  • anesthetic test of pulp
    Ä¡¼ö ¸¶Ãë °Ë»ç
  • antiglobulin test
    Çױ۷κθ° °Ë»ç, Çױ۷κθ° ½ÃÇè
    ºÒ¿ÏÀü Ç×ü°¡ ÀûÇ÷±¸¿Í °áÇÕÇϸ鼭 ºñÀÀÁý¼ºÀÎ °æ¿ì, ŸÁ¾ µ¿¹°¿¡¼­ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ Ç× IgG Ç×ü¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ´Ù¸®°¡ ³õ¾ÆÁ® ÀÀÁý¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. 1945³â Coombs¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Àç¹ß°ßµÈ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ¸ç »ýü ³»¿¡¼­ ÀÌ¹Ì ÀûÇ÷±¸¿Í °áÇÕÇϰí ÀÖ´Â Ç×ü¸¦ °ËÃâÇÏ´Â Á÷Á¢ ½ÃÇè°ú À¯¸®ÇØ ÀÖ´Â Ç×ü¸¦ ÀûÇ÷±¸¿Í °áÇÕ½ÃŰ°í ³ª¼­ °ËÃâÇÏ´Â °£Á¢ ½ÃÇèÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
  • apomorphine test
    ¾ÆÆ÷¸ð¸£ÇÉ ½ÃÇè
CancerWEB ¿µ¿µ ÀÇÇлçÀü À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
threshold percussion Percussion effected by means of a glass rod as a plessimeter, the rod being inclined to the wall of the chest or abdomen and touching it only by one extremity.
(05 Mar 2000)
threshold shift Measurement of the degree of hearing loss or impairment in terms of a decibel shift from an individual's previous audiogram.
(05 Mar 2000)
threshold stimulus A stimulus of threshold strength, i.e., one just strong enough to excite.
See: adequate stimulus.
Synonym: liminal stimulus.
(05 Mar 2000)
threshold substance Any material (e.g., glucose) that is excreted in the urine only when its plasma concentration exceeds a certain value, termed its threshold.
Synonym: threshold body.
(05 Mar 2000)
threshold trait A trait that falls into natural groups that originate not in categorically distinct causes but in whether or not the outcome attains critical values; e.g., gallstones may result from a categorical cause or from unusual levels of causal factors that themselves show no evidence of grouping.
Synonym: liminal trait.
(05 Mar 2000)
transmission threshold <epidemiology> Occurs for a parasite when the basic reproductive rate Ro is equal to 1. Below this threshold level the disease is unable to maintain itself within the host population. Typically, for directly transmitted parasites there is a transmission threshold for the host population size.
(05 Dec 1998)
erythema threshold The amount of radiation that causes redness of the skin.
(09 Oct 1997)
fibrillation threshold Least intensity of an electrical stimulus that will initiate fibrillation.
(05 Mar 2000)
light differential threshold The smallest difference in light intensity that can be appreciated.
(05 Mar 2000)
Abbe test plate <equipment> A long, wedge-shaped coverslip about 0.20 mm thick at one end and 0.10 to 0.12 mm at the other end coated chemically with a silver film on which are ruled horizontal lines.
at each variation in thickness of 0.01 mm there are vertical lines. By means of oblique illumination and by focusing on different portions of the plate, it is possible to determine the optimum coverslip thickness for any objective and also, for microscopes with drawtubes, the tube length for best objective performance. The approximate freedom from spherical and chromatic aberrations can also be estimated. Small isolated bits of silver near the edges of the lines form good objects for the star test
(05 Aug 1998)
acetone test A test for ketonuria; the suspected urine is shaken up with a few drops of sodium nitroprusside, and strong ammonia water is then gently poured over the mixture; if acetone is present, a magenta ring forms at the line of contact; tablets containing sodium nitroprusside and alkali are now more commonly used.
(05 Mar 2000)
achievement test A standardised test used to measure acquired learning, e.g., competence in a specific subject area such as reading or arithmetic, in contrast to an intelligence test which is a useful index of potential ability or learning.
(05 Mar 2000)
acidified serum test Lysis of the patient's red cells in acidified fresh serum, specific for paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria.
Synonym: Ham's test.
(05 Mar 2000)
acid loading test <nephrology> This is a test used in the diagnosis of renal tubular acidosis. The patient takes ammonium chloride capsules for 3 days to acidify the blood (lower blood pH). A sample of the urine and the blood is then collected and the results are interpreted.
(27 Sep 1997)
acid perfusion test <gastroenterology, investigation> A test used to diagnosis gastrooesophageal reflux disease. This investigation requires that the patient swallow 3 tiny tubes into the stomach.
A mixture of hydrochloric acid (like stomach acid) and saline are alternatively injected into the tubes. The patient then reports any symptoms they may have. Some patients may vomit.
(13 Nov 1997)
ÇÑ¿µ/¿µÇÑ »çÀü À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 15 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
  • mental test
    Áö´É °Ë»ç
  • multiple choice test
    ¼±´ÙÇü Å×½ºÆ®
  • nuclear test
    ÇÙ½ÇÇè
  • nuclear test ban treaty
    ÇÙ½ÇÇè ±ÝÁö Á¶¾à
  • patch test
    øÆ÷ ½ÃÇè
  • paternity test
    ºÎ°è ½ÃÇè
  • performance test
    ÀÛ¾÷ °Ë»ç
  • personality test
    ¼º°Ý °Ë»ç
  • placement test
    (½ÅÀÔ»ý µûÀ§ÀÇ ¹ÝÆí¼ºÀ» À§ÇÑ)Çз Å×½ºÆ®
  • pop test
    =popquiz
  • pregnancy test
    ÀӽŠ°Ë»ç
  • projective test
    Åõ¿µ °Ë»ç¹ý(µµÇü µî¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼º°Ý Å×½ºÆ®ÀÇ ÀÏÁ¾)
  • road test
    (»õÂ÷ÀÇ)³ë»ó ¼º´É ½ÃÇè;(¿îÀü¸éÇã ÃëµæÀ» À§ÇÑ)³ë»ó ½Ç±â ½ÃÇè;³ë»ó ¼º´É(½Ç±â)½ÃÇèÇÏ´Ù
  • scratch test
    ÇǺΠ¹ÝÀÀ ½ÃÇè
  • screen test
    ¿µÈ­ ¹è¿ìÀÇ Àû¼º(¹è¿ª) ½É»ç
ÀÌ ¾Æ·¡ ºÎÅÍ´Â °á°ú°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
KMLE ¾àǰ/ÀǾàǰ ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • Á¦Ç°¸í
    ¼ººÐ/ÇÔ·®
    ±¸ºÐ/º¸Çè±Þ¿©
KMLE ¾àǰ/ÀǾàǰ À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • Á¦Ç°¸í
    ¼ººÐ/ÇÔ·®
    ±¸ºÐ/º¸Çè±Þ¿©
¾Ë±â½¬¿î ÀÇÇпë¾îÇ®ÀÌÁý, ¼­¿ïÀÇ´ë ±³¼ö ÁöÁ¦±Ù, °í·ÁÀÇÇÐ ÃâÆÇ ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
´ëÇÑÀÇÇù ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
´ëÇÑÀÇÇù Çʼö ÀÇÇпë¾îÁý »çÀü °Ë»ö ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
¿¾ ´ëÇÑÀÇÇù ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
¿¾ ´ëÇÑÀÇÇù 2 ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
¿¾ ´ëÇÑÀÇÇù 3 ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
´ëÇÑÇØºÎÇÐȸ ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
´ëÇÑÇØºÎÇÐȸ ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
´ëÇѽŰæ¿Ü°úÇÐȸ ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
    ÇÑÀÚ
´ëÇѽŰæ¿Ü°úÇÐȸ ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
    ÇÑÀÚ
´ëÇѱâ»ýÃæÇÐȸ ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
´ëÇѱâ»ýÃæÇÐȸ ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
´ëÇÑ»ýÈ­ÇкÐÀÚ»ý¹°ÇÐȸ ¿ë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
KI ÀÇÇпë¾î »çÀü °Ë»ö ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
KMLE ÀÇÇоà¾î »çÀü ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
KMLE ÀÚµ¿ÃßÃâ ÀÇÇоà¾î »çÀü ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
ÀÇÇÐ³í¹® ¾àÀÚ(Pubmed/Entrez) °Ë»ö ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
Çѱ¹Ç¥ÁØÁúº´»çÀκзù ¾àÀÚ ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ÄÚµå
    ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
Çѱ¹Ç¥ÁØÁúº´»çÀκзù ¾àÀÚ À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ÄÚµå
    ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
°æºÏ´ë Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ±¸°­³»°ú ±³½Ç »çÀü ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
    ¼³¸í
CancerWEB ¿µ¿µ ÀÇÇлçÀü ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
MeSH(Medical Subject Headings) ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö (http://www.nlm.nih.gov) °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
MeSH(Medical Subject Headings) À¯»ç °Ë»ö (http://www.nlm.nih.gov) °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
¿ÜºÎ ¸µÅ© - Merriam-Webster's ÀÇÇлçÀü ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö (https://www.merriam-webster.com) °á°ú: 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
¿ÜºÎ ¸µÅ© - Merriam-Webster's ÀÇÇлçÀü À¯»ç °Ë»ö (https://www.merriam-webster.com) °á°ú: 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
¿ÜºÎ ¸µÅ© - A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö (http://www.nlm.nih.gov) °á°ú: 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
¿ÜºÎ ¸µÅ© - A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia À¯»ç °Ë»ö (http://www.nlm.nih.gov) °á°ú: 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
¿ÜºÎ ¸µÅ© - MedlinePlus Health Topics ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö (http://www.nlm.nih.gov) °á°ú: 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
¿ÜºÎ ¸µÅ© - MedlinePlus Health Topics À¯»ç °Ë»ö (http://www.nlm.nih.gov) °á°ú: 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
¿ÜºÎ ¸µÅ© - µå·¯±×ÀÎÆ÷ ¾àÇÐ Á¤º¸ ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö (http://www.druginfo.co.kr) °á°ú: 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
Á¦Ç°¸í
ÆÇ¸Å»ç
º¸ÇèÄÚµå ¼ººÐ/ÇÔ·®
±¸ºÐ/º¸Çè±Þ¿©
¿ÜºÎ ¸µÅ© - µå·¯±×ÀÎÆ÷ ¾àÇÐ Á¤º¸ À¯»ç °Ë»ö (http://www.druginfo.co.kr) °á°ú: 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
Á¦Ç°¸í
ÆÇ¸Å»ç
º¸ÇèÄÚµå ¼ººÐ/ÇÔ·®
±¸ºÐ/º¸Çè±Þ¿©
¿ÜºÎ ¸µÅ© - WebMD.com Drug Reference ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö (http://www.webmd.com) °á°ú: 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
¿ÜºÎ ¸µÅ© - WebMD.com Drug Reference À¯»ç °Ë»ö (http://www.webmd.com) °á°ú: 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
¿ÜºÎ ¸µÅ© - Drug.com Drugs by Medical Condition ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö (http://www.drugs.com) °á°ú: 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
¿ÜºÎ ¸µÅ© - Drug.com Drugs by Medical Condition À¯»ç °Ë»ö (http://www.drugs.com) °á°ú: 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
KMLE À¥ ¿ë¾î ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
KMLE À¥ ¿ë¾î À¯»ç °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
ÇÑ¿µ/¿µÇÑ »çÀü ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
  • ¿µ¹®
    ÇѱÛ
WordNet ÀÏ¹Ý ¿µ¿µ »çÀü °Ë»ö °á°ú : 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
¿ÜºÎ ¸µÅ© - American Heritage Dictionary ¿µ¿µ»çÀü ¸ÂÃã °Ë»ö (https://www.ahdictionary.com) °á°ú: 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
¿ÜºÎ ¸µÅ© - American Heritage Dictionary ¿µ¿µ»çÀü À¯»ç °Ë»ö (https://www.ahdictionary.com) °á°ú: 0 ÆäÀÌÁö: 3
ÅëÇÕ°Ë»ö ¿Ï·á