| fatty acid oxidation cycle | A series of reactions involving acyl-coenzyme A compounds, whereby these undergo beta oxidation and thioclastic cleavage, with the formation of acetyl-coenzyme A; the major pathway of fatty acid catabolism in living tissue. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| fatty acid reductase | <enzyme> Catalyses reduction of fatty acids to aldehydes Registry number: EC 1.2.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| fatty acids | Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (fatty acids, unsaturated). (12 Dec 1998) |
| fatty acids, essential | Fatty acids that cannot be synthesised by the human body and must be obtained from dietary sources, e.g., linoleic acids and linolenic acids. (12 Dec 1998) |
| fatty acids, monounsaturated | Fatty acids which are unsaturated in only one position. (12 Dec 1998) |
| fatty acids, nonesterified | The fraction of plasma fatty acids that are not in the form of glycerol esters. They are also called free fatty acids, but this is a misnomer because they are transported complexed with albumin. (12 Dec 1998) |
| fatty acids, omega-3 | A group of fatty acids, often of marine origin, which have the first unsaturated bond in the third position from the omega carbon. These fatty acids are believed to reduce serum triglycerides, prevent insulin resistance, improve lipid profile, prolong bleeding times, reduce platelet counts, and decrease platelet adhesiveness. (12 Dec 1998) |
| fatty acids, unsaturated | Fatty acids containing one (monounsaturated) or multiple (polyunsaturated) double bonds. They predominate in most plant-derived fats. The number and position of each double bond can be specified, as in the systematic names, or the position of the double bond closest to the methyl group (omega) terminus can be specified to denote functional subdivisions of the overall group, e.g., omega-3 fatty acids. The numbers and positions of the double bonds have been linked to effects on plasma lipid, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels. (12 Dec 1998) |
| fatty acids, volatile | Short-chain fatty acids of up to six carbon atoms in length. They are the major end products of microbial fermentation in the ruminant digestive tract and have also been implicated in the causation of neurological diseases in humans. (12 Dec 1998) |
| fatty acid synthase complex | The multienzyme complex that catalyses the formation of palmitate from acetylcoenzyme A, malonylcoenzyme A, and NADPH. (05 Mar 2000) |
| fatty acid synthetase complex | <enzyme> Registry number: EC 6.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| fatty acid thiokinase | Long chain: long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase, medium chain: butyrate-CoA ligase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| fatty acyl ethyl ester synthase | <enzyme> Myocardial enzyme; esterifies free fatty acids in the absence of ATP and coenzyme a; the fatty acid ethyl ester synthase III has homology with glutathione s-transferase Registry number: EC 2.3.1.- Synonym: fatty acid ethyl ester synthase, fatty acid ethyl ester synthase III, faee synthase, faees-iii gene product (26 Jun 1999) |
| fatty alcohol | A long chain alcohol, analogous to the fatty acids, of which the fatty alcohol may be viewed as a reduction product; e.g., octadecanol from stearic acid. It is often found esterified in waxes. Synonym: wax alcohol. (05 Mar 2000) |
| fatty alcohols | Usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4 carbons, derived from natural fats and oils, including lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, and linoleyl alcohols. They are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, plastics, and lube oils and in textile manufacture. (12 Dec 1998) |