| 영문 | speech therapy | 한글 | 언어치료 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 말을 정확하게 발음할 수 없거나 더듬는 환자에게 발음, 대화 따위의 훈련을 전문적으로 행하는 치료법. |
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| 영문 | therapy | 한글 | 요법 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 병을 낫게 하는 것 또는 그 방법. |
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| 영문 | gene therapy | 한글 | 유전자요법 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 유전병을 치료할 목적으로, 정상적으로 기능하는 단일유전자 혹은 복수유전자를 어떤 기원에서 얻어내어 생세포에 도입하는 것. 유전물질은 유전자삽입 조작에 의해 수용세포에로 도입된다. 즉, 유전자를 끼워 넣은 새로운 세포를 사용하는 치료로서 1980년 미국의 학자가 지중해빈혈환자에게 강행하여 비판을 받았지만, 미국 국립보건연구소는 1990년 9월 아데노신 데아미나아제(adenosine deaminase, ADA) 결핍증 환자의 림프구에 ADA 유전자를 끼워 넣는 치료를 시작한 이래 현재는 암을 포함한 많은 질병들을 치료하는 목적으로 쓰인다. |
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| 영문 | Electric convulsive therapy(ECT) | 한글 | 전기경련요법 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 뇌에 전기 자극을 주어 인위적으로 경련을 유발함으로써 정신 병을 치료하는 방법. 전기쇼크요법(electroshock therapy)이라고도 한다. 1938년에 이탈리아의 체를레티와 비니에 의해 시작되었다. 작용기전은 확실치 않으나 뇌의 신진대사, 생화학 및 효소 등에 변화를 일으킨다는 생물학적, 생화학적 학설이 유력하다. 적응증으로 가장 효과적인 병은 우울증으로 특히 여성에서 갱년기에 호발하는 갱년기 우울증, 우울증과 조증(아주 기분이 좋은 상태가 지속되는 정신병)이 일정한 주기를 두고 반복하는 조울증에 잘 쓰이며, 80~90%에서 효과가 있다. |
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| EXREM | external radiation-emission man [dose] |
|---|---|
| HEIR | health effects of ionizing radiation; high-energy ionizing radiation |
| RO | radiation oncology; radiation output; ratio of; relative odds; renal osteodystrophy; reverse osmosis... |
| RR | radiation reaction; radiation response; rate ratio; rational recovery [group]; recovery room; relati... |
| EBT | electron beam tomography; external beam therapy |
| radiation injuries, experimental | Harmful effects of exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation produced experimentally in chordates. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| radiation, ionizing | Electromagnetic or corpuscular radiation capable of producing ions, directly or indirectly, in its passage through matter. The wavelengths are equal to or smaller than those of short (far) ultraviolet radiation and include gamma and X-rays and high-energy elementary particles. (12 Dec 1998) |
| radiation leukaemia virus | A murine leukaemia virus isolated from radiation-induced lymphomas in c57bl mice. It is leukemogenic, thymotrophic, can be transmitted vertically, and replicates only in vivo. (12 Dec 1998) |
| radiation monitoring | The observation, either continuously or at intervals, of the levels of radiation in a given area, generally for the purpose of assuring that they have not exceeded prescribed amounts or, in case of radiation already present in the area, assuring that the levels have returned to those meeting acceptable safety standards. (12 Dec 1998) |
| radiation myelitis | Damage to the spinal cord from exposure to X-rays or other high energy radiation; usually radiation myelitis. Synonym: radiation myelitis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| radiation myelopathy | Damage to the spinal cord from exposure to X-rays or other high energy radiation; usually radiation myelitis. Synonym: radiation myelitis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| radiation, nonionizing | Electromagnetic radiation which does not produce ions in matter through which it passes. Its wavelengths are generally greater than those of far ultraviolet radiation and range through the longest radio waves. (12 Dec 1998) |
| radiation of corpus callosum | The spreading out of the fibres of the corpus callosum in the centrum semiovale of each cerebral hemisphere. Synonym: radiatio corporis callosi. (05 Mar 2000) |
| radiation oncologist | A physician specifically trained in the use of high energy X-rays to treat cancer. (09 Oct 1997) |
| radiation oncology | <study> The medical study of the use of radiation (X-rays, gamma rays or electrons) to destroy cancers. (09 Oct 1997) |
| radiation physicist | A nonmedically qualified person who specialises in the application of physics to plan and deliver irradiation, assisting the radiotherapist in planning and treatment. (16 Dec 1997) |
| radiation pneumonitis | Injurious effects of radiotherapy on the lungs. There are three phases in the reaction of the lungs to radiation injury: an acute phase occurring 1 to 2 months after exposure, a subacute phase 2 to 9 months after exposure, and a chronic or fibrotic phase more than 9 months after exposure. In the acute phase there is vascular damage, congestion, oedema, and mononuclear cell infiltration; in the subacute phase the alveolar walls are infiltrated with mononuclear inflammatory cells and fibroblasts; in the chronic phase, alveolar fibrosis and capillary sclerosis take place. (cecil textbook of medicine, 19th ed, p2343) (12 Dec 1998) |
| radiation poisoning | A systemic condition caused by substantial whole-body irradiation, seen after nuclear explosions or accidents, rarely after radiotherapy. Manifestations depend on dose, ranging from anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and mild leukopenia, to thrombocytopenia with haemorrhage, severe leukopenia with infection, anaemia, central nervous system damage, and death. Synonym: radiation poisoning. (05 Mar 2000) |
| radiation-protective agents | Drugs used to protect against ionizing radiation. They are usually of interest for use in radiation therapy but have been considered for other, e.g. Military, purposes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| radiation risks | The risks to health posed by exposure to radiation. Exposure comes from both natural sources and from man-made ones (medical and occupational). See: background radiation.Because any amount of radiation may cause cellular mutations, considerable effort has been made by government and independent researchers to establish exposure guidelines. In most cases, natural sources account for the bulk of received radiation, with artificial sources adding only a small percentage to the average annual dose. Public perception of the hazards of radiation is often at odds with scientific positions on the matter. In part, equivocal research results (as in attempts to assess the added cancer risk posed by mammograms) contribute to public fears. Some psychological studies have concluded that whether or not public fears of nuclear power plants and other radiation sources are justified, the added stress caused by such fears in itself constitutes a threat to health that should be addressed. (05 Mar 2000) |