| experimental medicine | The scientific investigation of medical problems by experimentation upon animals or by clinical research. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| experimental method | In experimental psychology, control of environmental, physiological, or attitudinal factors to observe dependent changes in aspects of experience and behaviour. (05 Mar 2000) |
| experimental neurosis | A behaviour disorder produced experimentally, as when an organism is required to make a discrimination of extreme difficulty and "breaks down" in the process. (05 Mar 2000) |
| experimental psychology | A subdiscipline within the science of psychology that is concerned with the study of conditioning, learning, perception, motivation, emotion, language, and thinking, also used in relation to subject-matter areas in which experimental, in contrast to correlational or socio-experiential, methods are emphasized. (05 Mar 2000) |
| experimenter effects | The influence of the experimenter's behaviour, personality traits, or expectancies on the results of that person's own research. See: double blind study. (05 Mar 2000) |
| expert system | Expert systems are computer programs designed to simulate the problem-solving behaviour of human experts within very narrow domains or scientific disciplines (entomology, plant pathology, etc.). This discipline is a sub-set of Artificial Intelligence. See: artificial intelligence. Synonym: knowledge-based systems (13 Jan 1998) |
| expert systems | Computer programs based on knowledge developed from consultation with experts on a problem, and the processing and/or formalizing of this knowledge using these programs in such a manner that the problems may be solved. (12 Dec 1998) |
| expert testimony | Presentation of pertinent medical data by a qualified medical specialist before a court. (12 Dec 1998) |
| expiate | 1. To extinguish the guilt of by sufferance of penalty or some equivalent; to make complete satisfaction for; to atone for; to make amends for; to make expiation for; as, to expiate a crime, a guilt, or sin. "To expiate his treason, hath naught left." (Milton) "The Treasurer obliged himself to expiate the injury." (Clarendon) 2. To purify with sacred rites. "Neither let there be found among you any one that shall expiate his son or daughter, making them to pass through the fire." (Deut. Xviii. 10 (Douay version)) Origin: L. Expiatus, p.p. Of expiare to expiate; ex out + piare to seek to appease, to purify with sacred rites, fr. Pius pious. See Pious. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| expiation | 1. The act of making satisfaction or atonement for any crime or fault; the extinguishing of guilt by suffering or penalty. "His liberality seemed to have something in it of self-abasement and expiation." (W. Irving) 2. The means by which reparation or atonement for crimes or sins is made; an expiatory sacrifice or offering; an atonement. "Those shadowy expiations weak, The blood of bulls and goats." (Milton) 3. An act by which the treats of prodigies were averted among the ancient heathen. Origin: L. Expiatio: cf.F. Expiation. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| expiration | <physiology> The act of breathing out or expelling air from the lungs. Origin: L. Spirare = to breathe (18 Nov 1997) |
| expiratory | <physiology> Pertaining to, or employed in, the expiration or emission of air from the lungs; as, the expiratory muscles. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| expiratory centre | The region of the medulla oblongata that is electrically active during expiration and where electrical stimulation produces sustained expiration. (05 Mar 2000) |
| expiratory dyspnea | Difficulty with the expiratory phase of breathing, often due to obstruction in the larynx or large bronchi, such as by a foreign body. (05 Mar 2000) |
| expiratory reserve volume | The extra volume of air that can be expired with maximum effort beyond the level reached at the end of a normal, quiet expiration. Common abbreviation is erv. (12 Dec 1998) |