| selection (genetics) | Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| human genetics | The study of the genetic aspects of humans as a species. Compare: medical genetics. (05 Mar 2000) |
| sex determination (genetics) | Process in a given organism, by which the sex genotype is fixed. In humans, sex is established at the time of fertilization by the presence or absence of the y chromosome. (12 Dec 1998) |
| somatic cell genetics | Method for identifying the chromosomal location of a particular gene without sexual crossing. Unstable heterokaryons are made between the cell of interest and another cell with identifiably different characteristics (or without the gene in question) and a series of clones isolated. By correlating retention of gene expression with the remaining chromosomes, it is possible to deduce which chromosome must carry the gene. Human mouse heterokaryons have been extensively used in this sort of work. (18 Nov 1997) |
| sos response (genetics) | An error-prone mechanism or set of functions for repairing damaged microbial DNA. Sos functions (a concept reputedly derived from the sos of the international distress signal) are involved in DNA repair and mutagenesis, in cell division inhibition, in recovery of normal physiological conditions after DNA repair, and possibly in cell death when DNA damage is extensive. (12 Dec 1998) |
| statistical genetics | The study of the applications of principles of statistics to problems in genetics. (05 Mar 2000) |
| q in population genetics | The frequency of the less common of two different alternative (allelic) versions of a gene. (the frequency of the more common allele is p). (12 Dec 1998) |
| quantitative genetics | The formal study of measurable genetic traits, traditionally but not necessarily confined to galtonian genetics. (05 Mar 2000) |
| terminator regions (genetics) | DNA sequences which signal the termination of transcription. (12 Dec 1998) |
| trans-activation (genetics) | Increased rate of gene expression directed by either viral or cellular proteins. These regulatory factors (diffusible gene products) act in trans -- that is, act on homologous or heterologous molecules of DNA. (cis-acting factors act only on homologous molecules.) (12 Dec 1998) |
| translocation (genetics) | A type of aberration characterised by fragmentation of a chromosome and transfer of the broken-off portion to another chromosome, often of a different pair. (12 Dec 1998) |
| transplantation genetics | Genetics as applied to the transplanting of tissues from one animal to another. (05 Mar 2000) |
| epidemiological genetics | The study of genetics as a phenomenon of defined populations by the criteria, methods, and objectives of epidemiology rather than of population genetics. (05 Mar 2000) |