| cranial nerve VIII | <anatomy, nerve> The vestibulocochlear nerve is responsible for the sense of hearing and balance (body position sense). Lesions of the eighth nerve can result in deafness, tinnitus, dizziness, vertigo and vomiting. Synonym: cranial nerve VIII. (27 Sep 1997) |
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| cranial nerve X | <anatomy, nerve> The vagus nerve enervates the gut (gastrointestinal tract), heart and larynx. Lesions of the tenth nerve usually result in a horse voice, but may also cause difficulty in swallowing or talking. Synonym: cranial nerve X. (27 Sep 1997) |
| cranial nerve XI | <anatomy, nerve> The accessory nerve enervates the sternocleidomastoid muscles and the trapezius muscles. Lesions of the eleventh result in drooping of the shoulder and inability to rotate the head away from the affected side. Synonym: cranial nerve XI. (27 Sep 1997) |
| cranial nerve XII | <anatomy, nerve> The hypoglossal nerve enervates the muscles of the tongue. Lesions of the twelfth cranial nerve result in deviation of the tongue toward the paralysed side and thick speech. Synonym: cranial nerve XII. (27 Sep 1997) |
| cranial neuropore | The temporary opening at the extreme rostral (cephalic) end of the early embryonic forebrain; closes at the 20th somite stage. Synonym: anterior neuropore, cranial neuropore. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cranial root of accessory nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The roots of the accessory nerve which arise from the medulla; the nerve fibres of the cranial root join the intracranial portion of the vagus nerve and are distributed to the pharyngeal plexus, providing the motor innervation of the soft palate (except the tensor veli palati) and the pharynx. Synonym: pars vagalis nervi accessorii, radices craniales, accessory portion of spinal accessory nerve, cranial roots, vagal part of accessory nerve, vagal part. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cranial roots | <anatomy, nerve> The roots of the accessory nerve which arise from the medulla; the nerve fibres of the cranial root join the intracranial portion of the vagus nerve and are distributed to the pharyngeal plexus, providing the motor innervation of the soft palate (except the tensor veli palati) and the pharynx. Synonym: pars vagalis nervi accessorii, radices craniales, accessory portion of spinal accessory nerve, cranial roots, vagal part of accessory nerve, vagal part. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cranial sinuses | Large endothelium-lined venous channels situated between the two layers of the dura mater; they are devoid of valves. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cranial synchondroses | The cartilaginous joints of the skull; these include sphenoethmoidal synchondrosis, spheno-occipital synchondrosis, sphenopetrosa synchondrosis, petro-occipital synchondrosis, anterior intraoccipital and posterior intraoccipital synchondrosis. Synonym: synchondroses cranii. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cranial vault | Those bones of the skull enclosing the brain, as distinguished from the bones of the face. Synonym: braincase, cranial vault, cranium cerebrale, cerebral cranium. Origin: neuro-+ G. Kranion, skull (05 Mar 2000) |
| cranial vertebra | A segment of the skull regarded as homologous with a segment of the vertebral column. (05 Mar 2000) |
| posterior cranial fossa | The internal base of the skull posterior to the crest of the petrous part of the temporal bones and the dorsum sellae and anterior to the grooves for the transverse sinuses, where the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata rest. Synonym: fossa cranii posterior. (05 Mar 2000) |
| prophylactic cranial irradiation | Radiation therapy to the head to prevent cancer from spreading to the brain. (12 Dec 1998) |
| second cranial nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The optic nerve. The nerve carrying impulses for the sense of sight. Projection from the vertebrate retina to the midbrain. Embryologically, a CNS tract rather than a peripheral nerve. Popular experimental preparation for studies of regeneration of retino tectal projections in lower vertebrates and also for studies of glial cell lineage in CNS. Synonym: cranial nerve II. (18 Nov 1997) |
| seventh cranial nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The facial nerve enervates the muscles of the face (facial expression). Lesion of the facial nerve cause a drooping to one side of the face, inability to wrinkle the forehead, inability to whistle, inability to close the eye and deviation of the mouth to the unaffected side. Synonym: cranial nerve VII. (27 Sep 1997) |