| 영문 | facial nerve | 한글 | 얼굴신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 표정근을 지배하는 큰 운동신경과 작은 중간신경으로 구성된다. 좁은 의미의 얼굴신경과 중간신경으로 이루어지는 혼합신경이다. 속귀신경과 함께 속귓길로 들어가고 그 바닥에서 속귀신경과 갈라져 얼굴신경관으로 들어가, 거의 직각으로 구부러지는 부분을 얼굴신경무릎이라 하며, 여기에 무릎신경마디가 있다. |
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| 영문 | sural nerve | 한글 | 장딴지신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 안쪽장딴지피부신경 및 온장딴지신경의 교통지에서 시작하여 가쪽배쪽피부신경 및 가쪽발꿈치가지의 가지를 낸다. 넙다리 등쪽의 피부, 발꿈치와 발의 가쪽의 피부 및 관절에 분포하며, 일반 감각성 기능을 한다. |
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| 영문 | spinal nerve | 한글 | 척수신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 척수의 앞뿔에서 출발하는 운동신경과 뒷뿔으로 들어오는 감각신경이 합쳐서 형성되는 신경으로서 총 31쌍이 존재함. 목뼈신경이 8쌍, 자등뼈신경이 12쌍, 허리뼈의 신경이 5쌍, 엉치뼈의 6쌍을 이룸. |
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| 영문 | auditory nerve | 한글 | 청신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 귀에서 감지된 청각의 신호를 대뇌로 보내는 역할을 하는 신경. 달팽이신경라고 불리기도 한다. 그것은 소리를 전기적 신호로 바꾸어 신경으로 전달해 주는 달팽이의 집같이 생긴 기관을 달팽이라고 부르기 때문이다.  |
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| 영문 | fasting blood sugar | 한글 | 공복혈당, 빈속혈당 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 혈액속에 포함되어 있는 포도당. 뇌와 적혈구의 에너지원이 되고, 그 양은 운동, 식사 따위에 의하여 달라진다. 건강인의 아침 공복시 혈중 포도당 농도는 60~100mg/dL이지만 기타의 당질 즉 과당, 갈락토스, 5탄당은 미량이며 일반적으로 혈당일 하면 혈중포도당을 의미한다. 혈당은 생체의 에너지원으로서 가장 중요한 물질이다. 그 농도는 창자관으로부터의 흡수, 간에 있어서의 당신생과 글리코겐의 합성-분해, 말초조직의 당이용, 콩팥으로부터의 배설 등 여러 인자에의해 좌우되며 그 조절에는 자율신경과 각종 호르몬이 밀접하게 관계한다. 특히 혈당저하작용에는 인슐린이, 그리고 혈당상승작용에는 에피네프린, 글루카곤, 성장호르몬, 부신겉질호르몬, 부신겉질자극호르몬, 갑상샘 호르몬이 관계가 있으며 그것들의 대항 및 협조 작용에 의해 혈당치가 조절된다. |
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| ABC | absolute basophil count; absolute bone conduction; acalculous biliary colic; acid balance control; a... |
|---|---|
| BlT | bleeding time; blood test; blood type, blood typing |
| CBL | circulating blood lymphocytes; chronic blood loss; cord blood leukocytes |
| DRBC | denaturated red blood cell; dog red blood cell; donkey red blood cell |
| EHBF | estimated hepatic blood flow; exercise hyperemia blood flow; extrahepatic blood flow |
| blood albumin | <protein> The serum level of the low molecular protein albumin. Albumin, produced by the liver, plays an important role in maintaining plasma oncotic pressure. Normal serum albumin should be 3.5-5.0 grams per decilitre. Low serum albumin can be found in cases of liver disease and malnutrition. (27 Sep 1997) |
|---|---|
| blood-aqueous barrier | The anatomical mechanism that prevents exchange of materials between the chambers of the eye and the blood. The tight junctions of the nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary body, the junctions of the iris tissues, and iris blood vessels constitute the blood-aqueous barrier. Lipid-soluble substances such as oxygen and carbon dioxide penetrate the barrier at a high rate. Sodium, larger water-soluble ions, proteins, and other large and medium-sized molecules are restricted. (12 Dec 1998) |
| blood bactericidal activity | Native bactericidal property of blood due to normally occurring antibacterial substances such as beta lysin, leukin, etc. (12 Dec 1998) |
| blood bank | A place, usually a separate part or division of a hospital laboratory or a separtate free-standing facility, in which blood is collected from donors, typed, separated into several components, stored, and/or prepared for transfusion to recipients. (05 Mar 2000) |
| blood banks | Centres for collecting, characterizing and storing human blood. (12 Dec 1998) |
| blood blister | <dermatology> A collection of blood within a skin blister that results from minor skin trauma such as a pinch or crushing injury. (27 Sep 1997) |
| blood-boltered | Having the hair matted with clotted blood. "The blood-boltered Banquo smiles upon me." (Shak) Origin: Blood + Prov. E. Bolter to mat in tufts. Cf. Balter. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| blood-borne pathogens | Infectious organisms in the blood, of which the predominant medical interest is their contamination of blood-soiled linens, towels, gowns, bandages, other items from individuals in risk categories, needles and other sharp objects, and medical and dental waste, all of which health workers are exposed to. This concept is differentiated from the clinical conditions of bacteraemia, viraemia, and fungaemia where the organism is present in the blood of a patient as the result of a natural infectious process. (12 Dec 1998) |
| blood-brain barrier | <pharmacology, physiology> A protective barrier formed by the blood vessels and glia of the brain. It prevents some substances in the blood from entering brain tissue. The blood vessels of the brain (and the retina) are much more impermeable to large molecules (like antibodies) than blood vessels elsewhere in the body. This has important implications for the ability of the organism to mount an immune response in these tissues, although the basis for the difference in endothelial permeability is not well understood. (16 Dec 1997) |
| blood calculus | An angiolith or concretion of coagulated blood. Synonym: hemic calculus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| blood capillary | A vessel whose wall consists of endothelium and its basement membrane; its diameter, when the capillary is open, is about 8 um; with the electron microscope, fenestrated capillary's and continuous capillary's are distinguished. (05 Mar 2000) |
| blood cast | A cast usually formed in renal tubules, but may occur in bronchioles; consists of inspissated material that includes various elements of blood (i.e., erythrocytes, leukocytes, fibrin, and so on), resulting from bleeding into the glomerulus or tubule, or into the alveolus or bronchiole. (05 Mar 2000) |
| blood catecholamine | <investigation> The measurement of noradrenaline and adrenaline in the blood. Often these same catecholamines can be measured in the urine. Elevations may be seen in pheochromocytoma or neuroblastoma. Normal blood levels of adrenaline should be: 20 ng/ml and normal blood levels of noradrenaline should be 60 ng/ml. (05 Jan 1998) |
| blood cell | <haematology> There are three main types of cell in the blood stream. The red cell, which carries oxygen, the white cell, which fights infections and the platelet, which helps prevent bleeding. The correct balance between each cell type must be maintained for the body to remain healthy. (13 Nov 1997) |
| blood cell count | A count of the number of leukocytes and erythrocytes per unit volume in a sample of venous blood. A complete blood count (cbc) also includes measurement of the haemoglobin, haematocrit, and erythrocyte indices. (12 Dec 1998) |