| HPF | heparin-precipitable fraction; hepatic plasma flow; high-pass filter; high-power field [microscope];... |
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| LM | lactic acid mineral [medium]; lactose malabsorption; laryngeal mask; laryngeal muscle; lateral malle... |
| MS | Maffuci syndrome; maladjustment score; mandibular series; Marfan syndrome; Marie-Strumpell [syndrome... |
| SAM | S-adenosyl-L-methionine; scanning acoustic microscope; senescence accelerated mouse; sex arousal mec... |
| SLAM | scanning laser acoustic microscope; systemic lupus erythematosus activity measure |
| pa X-ray | An X-ray picture in which the beams pass from back-to-front (posteroanterior). As opposed to an ap (anteroposterior) film in which the rays pass through the body from front-to-back. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| medullary ray | The centre of the renal lobule, which has the shape of a small, steep pyramid, consisting of straight tubular parts; these may be either ascending or descending limbs of the nephronic loop or collecting tubules. Synonym: pars radiata lobuli corticalis renis, Ferrein's pyramid, processus ferreini. (05 Mar 2000) |
| characteristic X-ray | <microscopy> An X-ray having a unique energy that is emitted by an atom in the sample during its de-energization after ionization of one of its electrons by an incident electron. (05 Aug 1998) |
| Rheinberg microscope | <instrument> A modified form of dark-field microscope in which the central opaque stop in the condenser is replaced by a coloured filter, producing a background of contrasting colour against which the specimen is illuminated. (05 Mar 2000) |
| chemical ray | A light ray toward and beyond the violet end of the spectrum that acts upon a photographic plate and produces other chemical effects. Synonym: chemical ray. (05 Mar 2000) |
| chest X-ray | Commonly used to detect abnormalities in the lungs, but can also detect abnormalities in the heart, aorta, and the bones of the thoracic area. Metallic objects, such as jewelry are removed from the chest and neck areas for a chest X-ray to avoid interference with x-ray penetration and improve accuracy of the interpretation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Greenough microscope | <instrument, microscopy> One of two kinds of stereomicroscopes with two separate compound microscopes, one for each eye, focused on the same object. The other kind has a common main objective. See: binocular microscope. (05 Aug 1998) |
| grenz ray | Very soft X-ray's, closely allied to the ultraviolet ray's in their wavelength (i.e., long) and in their biologic action upon tissues; they are produced by a specially built vacuum tube with a hot cathode operating from a transformer delivering not more than 8 kw. Origin: Ger. Grenze, borderline, boundary (05 Mar 2000) |
| roentgen ray | <investigation> A type of irradiation used for imaging purposes that uses energy beams of very short wavelengths (0.1 to 1000 angstroms) that can penetrate most substances except heavy metals. This is the commonest form of imaging technique used in clinical practice everywhere in the world with the image captured on photographic film. An AP film is when the beams pass from front-to-back (anteroposterior) and is used for mobile film, particularly on the ward or in casualty. This is the oposite to a PA film (posteroanterior) in which the rays pass through the body from back-to-front. Most films taken in the main radiology department are PA. (20 Jun 2000) |
| phase-contrast microscope | <instrument> A specially constructed microscope that has a special condenser and objective containing a phase-shifting ring whereby small differences in index of refraction are made visible as intensity or contrast differences in the image; particularly useful for examining structural details in transparent specimens such as living or unstained cells and tissues. (05 Mar 2000) |
| microscope | <instrument> A piece of laboratory equipment that is used to magnify small things that are too small to be seen by the naked eye, or too small for the details to be seen by the naked eye, so that their finer details can be seen and studied. Examples are the light (or optical) microscope, electron microscope, X-ray microscope, and acoustic microscope. (09 Oct 1997) |
| microscope, compound | A microscope that consists of two microscopes in series, the first serving as the ocular lens (close to the eye) and the second serving as the objective lens (close to the object to be viewed). Credit for creating the compound microscope goes usually to the dutch spectaclemakers hans and zacharias janssen who in 1590 invented an instrument that could be used as either a microscope or telescope. The compound microscope evolved into the dominant type of optical microscope today. (12 Dec 1998) |
| microscope, electron | <microscopy> An electron-optical device which produces a magnified image of an object. Detail may be revealed by virtue of selective transmission, reflection, or emission of electrons by the object. (05 Aug 1998) |
| microscope, field emission | <microscopy> An image-forming device in which a strong electrostatic field causes cold emission of electrons from a sharply rounded point or from a specimen that has been placed on that point. The electrons are accelerated to a phosphorescent screen, or photographic film, giving a visible picture of the variation of emission over the specimen surface. (05 Aug 1998) |
| microscope, fluorescent | A microscope equipped to examine material that fluoresces under ultraviolet (uv) light. (12 Dec 1998) |