| 영문 | endocrine gland | 한글 | 내분비샘 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신체의 내부로 분비가 되어서 다른 세포의 기능이나 활성의 변화를 일으키는 물질인 호르몬을 분비하는 곳을 이르는 말이다. 대표적인 내분비샘은 갑상샘, 부갑상샘, 부신, 이자, 뇌하수체, 난소, 고환, 솔방울샘, 가슴샘 등이다. 마지막에 나오는 2개의 기관은 내분비 기능을 하는 것으로 생각이 되지만 확실히 그것이 무슨 기능을 하는 지에 대해선 아직까지 정확하게 밝혀지지 않고 있다.  |
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| 영문 | adrenal gland | 한글 | 부신 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 콩팥위에 존재하는 피라밋모양의 구조물. 겉질과 속질로 되어 있으며 호르몬의 분비가 주역할이다.  |
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| 영문 | gland | 한글 | 샘 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 자신의 대상에 필요가 없는 물질을 만들어 분비하는 세포가 모여서 만드는 구조. 즉 분비물을 제조하는 세포가 모인 것이다. 선에는 내분비샘과 외분비샘의 2가지가 있다. 내분비샘이란 몸밖이 아닌 내부, 즉 직접 혈중으로 분비물을 분비하는 샘으로 이 때에 분비되는 물질을 호르몬이라고 한다. 이것은 주로 몸안의 다른 세포에 작용을 하여 그 세포의 대사, 분열 등의 변화를 초래하고 몸의 환경의 변화에 따른 적응을 돕는 역할을 한다. 외분비샘이란 몸밖으로 관구조를 통하여 분비물을 내보내는 샘을 말한다. |
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| 영문 | pineal gland | 한글 | 솔방울샘, 송과선 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 뇌의 중앙선부위의 등쪽에 존재하는 내분비기관이다. 솔방울샘은 melatonin을 분비한다. 동물에서는 성분화발달에 기여하는 것으로 되어 있으나, 사람에서는 그 기능이 아직 명확치 않다. |
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| 영문 | prostate gland | 한글 | 전립샘 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 남성생식기의 외분비샘의 일종으로, 방광의 목부분과 요도를 둘러싸고 있다. 전립샘은 정액을 만드는 전립샘액을 분비하며 5개의 엽으로 구성되어 있다. |
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| LG | lactoglobulin; lamellar granule; laryngectomy; left gluteal; Lennox-Gastaut [syndrome]; leucylglycin... |
|---|---|
| LSG | labial salivary gland |
| MAGF | male accessory gland fluid |
| MSGV | mouse salivary gland virus |
| PG | paregoric; parotid gland; pentagastrin; pepsinogen; peptidoglycan; Pharmacopoeia Germanica; phosphat... |
| carcinoma, acinar cell | A malignant tumour arising from secreting cells of a racemose gland, particularly the salivary glands. Racemose (latin racemosus, full of clusters) refers, as does acinar (latin acinus, grape), to small saclike dilatations in various glands. Acinar cell carcinomas are usually well differentiated and account for about 13% of the cancers arising in the parotid gland. Lymph node metastasis occurs in about 16% of cases. Local recurrences and distant metastases many years after treatment are common. This tumour appears in all age groups and is most common in women. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| carcinoma, adenoid cystic | Carcinoma characterised by bands or cylinders of hyalinised or mucinous stroma separating or surrounded by nests or cords of small epithelial cells. When the cylinders occur within masses of epithelial cells, they give the tissue a perforated, sievelike, or cribriform appearance. Such tumours occur in the mammary glands, the mucous glands of the upper and lower respiratory tract, and the salivary glands. They are malignant but slow-growing, and tend to spread locally via the nerves. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carcinoma, adenosquamous | A mixed adenocarcinoma and squamous cell or epidermoid carcinoma. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carcinoma, adrenal cortical | A malignant neoplasm of adrenal cortical cells demonstrating partial or complete histological and functional differentiation. They are rare, comprising between only 0.05% and 0.2% of all cancers. Women develop functional adrenal cortical carcinomas more commonly than men, but men develop nonfunctioning ones more often than women. Hypercortisolism is the most common presentation for this cancer. Virilism and cushing's syndrome may also result. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carcinoma, basal cell | A malignant skin neoplasm that seldom metastasizes but has potentialities for local invasion and destruction. Clinically it is divided into types: nodular, cicatricial, morphaic, and erythematoid (pagetoid). More than 95% of these carcinomas occur in patients over 40. They develop on hair-bearing skin, most commonly on sun-exposed areas. Approximately 85% are found on the head and neck area and the remaining 15% on the trunk and limbs. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carcinoma, basosquamous | A skin carcinoma that histologically exhibits both basal and squamous elements. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carcinoma, bronchogenic | A cancer of the lung, so-called because it arises from the epithelium of the bronchial tree. It is not a histologic designation despite the name. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carcinoma, ehrlich tumour | A transplantable, poorly differentiated malignant tumour which appeared originally as a spontaneous breast carcinoma in a mouse. It grows in both solid and ascitic forms. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carcinoma, embryonal | A highly malignant, primitive form of carcinoma, probably of germinal cell or teratomatous derivation, usually arising in a gonad and rarely in other sites. It is rare in the female ovary, but in the male it accounts for 20% of all testicular tumours. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carcinoma, endometrioid | Ovarian carcinoma which resembles typical carcinoma of the endometrium and may be seen with a synchronous endometrial carcinoma. When they appear together, both tend to be of low stage. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma | <tumour> Carcinoma arising in a benign mixed tumour of a salivary gland, characterised by rapid enlargement and pain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| carcinoma, giant cell | An epithelial neoplasm characterised by unusually large anaplastic cells. It is highly malignant with fulminant clinical course, bizarre histologic appearance and poor prognosis. It is most common in the lung and thyroid. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carcinoma, hepatocellular | Primary carcinoma of the liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumour difficult to distinguish from normal hepatocytes to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic or may form giant cells. Several classification schemes have been suggested. Hepatocellular carcinoma is very rare in the united states and western europe, but it is one of the most common cancers in eastern asia and sub-saharan africa. The cases are preponderantly male and, racially, whites have the lowest rates. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carcinoma, infiltrating duct | An invasive (infiltrating) carcinoma of the breast. This carcinoma in which no special histological feature is recognised is designated nos or not otherwise specified and is by far the most common ductal tumour, accounting for almost 70% of breast cancers. It is characterised by stony hardness upon palpation. It commonly metastasizes to the axillary lymph nodes and its prognosis is the poorest of the various ductal types. (12 Dec 1998) |
| carcinoma in situ | Cancer that involves only the cells in which it began and has not spread to other tissues. Lobular carcinoma in situ is found in the lobules of the breast. Ductal carcinoma in situ (also called intraductal carcinoma) arises in the ducts. (16 Dec 1997) |