| 영문 | nucleic acid | 한글 | 핵산 |
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| 설명 | 염기, 당, 인산으로 이루어진 뉴클레오티드가 긴 사슬 모양으로 중합된 고분자 물질. 유전이나 단백질 합성을 지배하는 중요한 물질로, 생물의 증식을 비롯한 생명 활동 유지에 중요한 작용을 한다. 구성 당인 오탄당이 리보오스인 리보핵산과 디옥시리보오스인 디옥시리보 핵산으로 나뉜다. 펜토스로서 리보스나 데옥시리보스 어느 한쪽만을 포함하며 전자를 리보핵산(RNA), 후자를 데옥시리보핵산(deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA)이라 부른다. 모두 4종류의 유기염기에 의해 특징지어지며 아데닌, 구아닌 및 시토신은 양자에 공통이다. 티민은 DNA에, 우라실은 RNA에 포함된다. DNA는 주로 핵에 존재하며 형질유전에 그리고 RNA는 세포질속에서 단백질 합성에 관여한다. 섭취된 핵산은 소화관에서 구성분자로까지 가수분해되어 흡수된다. |
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| amino- | <prefix> Prefix denoting a compound containing the radical, -NH2. Origin: an(monia) + in(e) + -o- (05 Mar 2000) |
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| amino acyl-tRNA ligases | <enzyme> Any of the group of ligases that catalyses the ATP-driven formation of a bond between an amino acid and a trna, activating the amino acids as a step in protein synthesis. Individual enzymes are highly specific for one amino acid and for any trna corresponding to that amino acid. Registry number: EC 6.1.1. (12 Dec 1998) |
| amino alcohols | Compounds possessing both a hydroxyl (-oh) and an amino group (-nh2). (12 Dec 1998) |
| amino group | <biochemistry> An -NH2 group. Organic compounds which have this group are called amines. (09 Oct 1997) |
| amino sugar | <biochemistry> Monosaccharide in which an OH group is replaced with an amino group, often acetylated. Common examples are D galactosamine, D glucosamine, neuraminic acid, muramic acid. Amino sugars are important constituents of bacterial cell walls, some antibiotics, blood group substances, milk oligosaccharides and chitin. (18 Nov 1997) |
| amino sugars | Sugar's in which a hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amino group; e.g., d-glucosamine. (05 Mar 2000) |
| amino-terminal | <biochemistry> The end of a protein or polypeptide chain with the unattached amino group or the aminoacyl residue containing it. Each amino acid in the chain has an amino group on one side, which is attached to the carboxyl group (COOH group) of the previous amino acid, and a carboxyl group on the other side (which is attached to the amino group of the next amino acid). The other end of the polypeptide chain is called the carboxyl terminal. Synonym: NH2-terminal. (14 Aug 2000) |
| amino-terminal residue | <biochemistry> The only amino acid residue in a polypeptide chain that has a free alpha-amino group, it defines the amino terminus of the polypeptide. (09 Oct 1997) |
| RNA, transfer, amino acyl | Intermediates in protein biosynthesis. The compounds are formed from amino acids, ATP and transfer RNA, a reaction catalyzed by aminoacyl trna synthetase. They are key compounds in the genetic translation process. (12 Dec 1998) |
| c-Jun amino-terminal kinase | <enzyme> A stress-activated protein kinase; 46-kD kinase that phosphorylates ser(63) and ser(73) of c-jun; similar to yeast hog1 kinase; amino acid sequence given in second source; genbank l23118 Registry number: EC 2.7.10.- Synonym: jn kinase, jnk1 protein kinase, jnk-46, jnk1 protein, jun-nh2-terminal kinase, stress-activated protein kinase 1, sap kinase-1, sapk1, p46 sap kinase, c-jun kinase-1 (26 Jun 1999) |
| N-(5'-phosphoribosylformimino)-5-amino-1-(5''-phosphoribosyl)-4-imidazolecarboxamide isomerase | <enzyme> Has beta/alpha-barrel fold structure; involved in biosynthesis of histidine Registry number: EC 5.3.1.16 Synonym: hisa gene product, pfacr isomerase, phosphoribosylformimino-5-aminoimidazole carboxamide ribotide isomerase (26 Jun 1999) |
| succinylalanyl-alanyl-prolyl-phenylalanyl-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin hydrolase | <enzyme> Enzyme may be involved in attainment of transformed state Registry number: EC 3.4.24.- Synonym: suc-ala-ala-pro-phe-amc hydrolase, saapp-amc-hydrolase (26 Jun 1999) |
| essential amino acids | Alpha-amino acids nutritionally required by an organism and which must be supplied in its diet (i.e., cannot be synthesised by the organism) either as free amino acid or in proteins. (05 Mar 2000) |
| excitatory amino acids | Endogenous amino acids released by neurons as excitatory neurotransmitters. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Aspartic acid has been regarded as an excitatory transmitter for many years, but the extent of its role as a transmitter is unclear. (12 Dec 1998) |
| 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactose | <chemical> Chemical name: D-Galactose, 2-amino-2-deoxy- (12 Dec 1998) |
Synonyms : Amino Acid Transport System ASC Proteins, Amino Acid Transporter ASC, System ASC Transporter, System ASC Transporter Proteins
Synonyms : Amino Acid Transport System L Proteins, Large Amino Acid Transporter (LAT), Large Neutral Amino Acid Transporter (LNAA), System L Transporter, System L Transporter Proteins, Transporter, System L
Synonyms : Amino Acid Transport System XAG, GLAST Glutamate-Aspartate Transporters, Glutamate Translocase, Glutamate Transport Glycoprotein, Glutamate Transporter, Amino Acid Transport System X AG, GLAST Glutamate Aspartate Transporters, Glutamate Aspartate Transporter
Synonyms : Amino Acid Transport System y-Plus, System y+ Transporter, Amino Acid Transport System y Plus, Transporter, System y+, y+ Transporter, System
Synonyms : Amino Acid Transport System yPlus L, System y+L Transporter, Transporter, System y+L, y+L Transporter, System
| amino acid |
The basic building block of protein. All amino acids contain an amino (NH 2 ) end, a carboxyl end (COOH) and a side group (R). In proteins, amino acids are joined together when the NH 2 group of one forms a bond with the COOH group of the adjacent amino acid. The side group is what distinguishes each of the amino acids from the others. ...
출처: www.science.org.au/nova/009/009glo.htm
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| amino acid |
an organic acid containing an amine (ammonia-like) chemical group. Amino acids are put together by your body in highly specific ways to manufacture proteins.
출처: www.medaus.com/p/147.html
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| amino acid |
The single molecular units (20 in total), that when chained together form a protein. The number, type, and sequence of amino acids found in the chain determine the shape and function on the protein.
출처: www.pub.ac.za/resources/glossary.html
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| amino acid |
Small organic molecule containing both a carboxyl group and an amino group bonded to the same carbon atom. For example: histamine ; serotonine ; epinephrine ; norepinephrine . Peptide A molecule formed by joining two or more amino acids . For example, ECF-A Polypeptide Many peptides joined together. For example, insulin . Protein A molecule composed of many amino acids and with a complex structure. For example, immunoglobulin , casein . Glycoprotein A protein coated with sugars. ...
출처: www.hon.ch/Library/Theme/Allergy/Glossary/aa.html
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| amino acid |
Any of a class of 20 molecules that are combined to form proteins in living things. The sequence of amino acids in a protein and hence protein function are determined by the genetic code.
출처: www.hgsc.bcm.tmc.edu/docs/HGSC_glossary.html
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