aminoacetonitrile | <chemical> Cyanomethylamine. Chemical name: Acetonitrile, amino- (12 Dec 1998) |
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aminoacid-tRNA ligases | Recommended name for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, e.g., tyrosine-tRNA ligase for tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. (05 Mar 2000) |
aminoacidemia | The presence of excessive amounts of specific amino acids in the blood. Origin: amino acid + G. Haima, blood (05 Mar 2000) |
aminoaciduria | Excretion of amino acids in the urine, especially in excessive amounts. Synonym: hyperaminoaciduria. Origin: amino acid + G. Ouron, urine (05 Mar 2000) |
aminoaciduria, renal | Impairment of renal tubular transport of amino acids. (12 Dec 1998) |
aminoacridines | Acridines which are substituted in any position by one or more amino groups or substituted amino groups. (12 Dec 1998) |
aminoacyl | The radical formed from an amino acid by removal of OH from a COOH group. (05 Mar 2000) |
aminoacyl adenylate | The product formed by the condensation of the acyl radical of an amino acid and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (originally in the form of adenosine 5'-triphosphate, with elimination of a pyrophosphoric group). Formed in the first step of protein biosynthesis. Synonym: activated amino acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
aminoacyl-tRNA | <molecular biology> The name of the complex created when a tRNA molecule is attached to its specific amino acid and ready to participate in protein synthesis. (13 Oct 1997) |
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases | <enzyme> Enzymes catalyzing the formation of a specific aminoacyl-tRNA from an amino acid and adenosine 5'-triphosphate with the concomitant formation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate and pyrophosphate. Synonym: amino acid activating enzyme, aminoacyl-tRNA ligases. (05 Mar 2000) |
aminoacylase | <enzyme> An enzyme catalyzing hydrolysis of a wide variety of N-acyl amino acids to the corresponding amino acid and an acid anion. Synonym: benzamide, dehydropeptidase II, hippuricase, histozyme. (05 Mar 2000) |
aminoacyltransferases | <enzyme> A sub-subclass of enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of an aminoacyl group from one molecule to another with the formation of an ester or an amide linkage. Registry number: EC 2.3.2 (12 Dec 1998) |
aminoadipic d-saemialdehyde synthase | <enzyme> A bifunctional enzyme used in lysine degradation; it has a lysine:alpha-ketoglutarate reductase activity as well as a saccharopine dehydrogenase activity. A deficiency of this enzyme results in familial hyperlysinaemia. (05 Mar 2000) |
aminoadipic saemialdehyde synthase | <enzyme> Bifunctional enzyme with both lysine-ketoglutarate reductase (EC 1.5.1.8) and saccharopine dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.9) activities Registry number: EC 1.5.1.- Synonym: aasa synthase (26 Jun 1999) |
aminobenzene | <chemistry> An organic base belonging to the phenylamines. It may be regarded as ammonia in which one hydrogen atom has been replaced by the radical phenyl. It is a colourless, oily liquid, originally obtained from indigo by distillation, but now largely manufactured from coal tar or nitrobenzene as a base from which many brilliant dyes are made. See: Anil. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
excitatory amino acid | <biochemistry> The naturally occurring amino acids L glutamate and L aspartate and their synthetic analogues, notably kainate, quisqualate and NMDA. They have the properties of excitatory neurotransmitters in the CNS, may be involved in long-term potentiation and can act as excitotoxins. at least three classes of EAA receptor have been identified, the agonists of the N type receptor are L aspartate, NMDA and ibotenate, the agonists of the Q type receptor are L glutamate and quisqualate, agonists of the K type are L glutamate and kainate. All three receptor types are found widely in the CNS and particularly the telencephalon, N and Q type receptors tend to occur together and may interact, their distribution is complementary to the K type receptors. The ion fluxes through the Q and K receptors are relatively brief, whereas the flux through the N type is longer and carries a significant amount of calcium. Additionally the N type receptor is blockaded by magnesium near the resting potential and thus shows voltage gated ion channel properties, leading to a regenerative response, this is why N type receptors have been linked to long-term potentiation. Invertebrate glutamate receptors may not have the same properties as those described above. (18 Nov 1997) |
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excitatory amino acid agents | Drugs used for their actions on any aspect of excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter systems. Included are drugs that act on excitatory amino acid receptors, affect the life cycle of excitatory amino acid transmitters, or affect the survival of neurons using excitatory amino acids. (12 Dec 1998) |
excitatory amino acid agonists | Drugs that bind to and activate excitatory amino acid receptors. (12 Dec 1998) |
excitatory amino acid antagonists | Drugs that bind to but do not activate excitatory amino acid receptors, thereby blocking the actions of agonists. (12 Dec 1998) |
excitatory amino acids | Endogenous amino acids released by neurons as excitatory neurotransmitters. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Aspartic acid has been regarded as an excitatory transmitter for many years, but the extent of its role as a transmitter is unclear. (12 Dec 1998) |
1-carbamoyl-L-amino acid amidohydrolase | <enzyme> From bacillus stearothermophilus; amino acid sequence given in first source Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- Synonym: carbamoyl l-aa amidohydrolase, n-carbamyl-l-amino acid amidohydrolase (26 Jun 1999) |
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-galactose | <chemical> Chemical name: D-Galactose, 2-amino-2-deoxy- (12 Dec 1998) |
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate | <chemical> A potent and specific antagonist of nmda receptors (receptors, nmda) in the d-enantiomeric form. The l form is inactive at nmda receptors but may affect the ap4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; apb) excitatory amino acid receptors. Pharmacological action: excitatory amino acid antagonists. Chemical name: Norvaline, 5-phosphono- (12 Dec 1998) |
(3-(arginyl)amino-4-(4-nitrophenyl)butyryl)-leucyl-prolyl-threonine | Pharmacological action: neurotransmitters Synonym: 2-afb(p-no2)-proctolin, (afb(p-no2)(2))-proctolin (26 Jun 1999) |
8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase | <enzyme> Chemical name: 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid synthetase Registry number: EC 2.3.1.47 Synonym: 7-kap synthetase, 8-amino-7-oxopelargonate synthase, 7-oxo-8-aminononanoate synthase, biof gene product (26 Jun 1999) |
Synonyms : Amino Acid Transport System ASC Proteins, Amino Acid Transporter ASC, System ASC Transporter, System ASC Transporter Proteins
Synonyms : Amino Acid Transport System L Proteins, Large Amino Acid Transporter (LAT), Large Neutral Amino Acid Transporter (LNAA), System L Transporter, System L Transporter Proteins, Transporter, System L
Synonyms : Amino Acid Transport System XAG, GLAST Glutamate-Aspartate Transporters, Glutamate Translocase, Glutamate Transport Glycoprotein, Glutamate Transporter, Amino Acid Transport System X AG, GLAST Glutamate Aspartate Transporters, Glutamate Aspartate Transporter
Synonyms : Amino Acid Transport System y-Plus, System y+ Transporter, Amino Acid Transport System y Plus, Transporter, System y+, y+ Transporter, System
Synonyms : Amino Acid Transport System yPlus L, System y+L Transporter, Transporter, System y+L, y+L Transporter, System
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aminoaciduria cataract |
capsular thickening occurring in aminoaciduria, homocystinuria, and oculocerebrorenal syndrome.
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aminoacridine hydrochloride |
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amino |
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aminoacyl adenylate |
an amino acid residue linked via an acid anhydride bond to the 5?phosphate of adenosine monophosphate; it is a high energy intermediate in the synthesis of aminoacyl-tRNA.
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aminoacyl-histidine dipeptidase |
(ami
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