| 영문 | nucleic acid | 한글 | 핵산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 염기, 당, 인산으로 이루어진 뉴클레오티드가 긴 사슬 모양으로 중합된 고분자 물질. 유전이나 단백질 합성을 지배하는 중요한 물질로, 생물의 증식을 비롯한 생명 활동 유지에 중요한 작용을 한다. 구성 당인 오탄당이 리보오스인 리보핵산과 디옥시리보오스인 디옥시리보 핵산으로 나뉜다. 펜토스로서 리보스나 데옥시리보스 어느 한쪽만을 포함하며 전자를 리보핵산(RNA), 후자를 데옥시리보핵산(deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA)이라 부른다. 모두 4종류의 유기염기에 의해 특징지어지며 아데닌, 구아닌 및 시토신은 양자에 공통이다. 티민은 DNA에, 우라실은 RNA에 포함된다. DNA는 주로 핵에 존재하며 형질유전에 그리고 RNA는 세포질속에서 단백질 합성에 관여한다. 섭취된 핵산은 소화관에서 구성분자로까지 가수분해되어 흡수된다. |
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| H and E | hematoxylin and eosin [stain] |
|---|---|
| HE | half-scan with extrapolation; hard exudate; hektoen enteric [agar]; hemagglutinating encephalomyelit... |
| H&E | hematoxylin and eosin [stain]; hemorrhage and exudate; heredity and environment |
| HES | health examination survey; hematoxylin-eosin stain; human embryonic skin; human embryonic spleen; hy... |
| LFB | luxol fast blue [stain] |
| Cajal's astrocyte stain | <technique> A method for demonstrating astrocytes by impregnation in a solution containing gold chloride and mercuric chloride. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| carbol-thionin stain | <technique> A stain useful for demonstrating typhoid bacilli in films and sections, and for Nissl substance. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Macchiavello's stain | <technique> A basic fuchsin-citric acid-methylene blue sequence in smears which produces red staining of rickettsiae and inclusion bodies, with nuclei staining blue. (05 Mar 2000) |
| MacNeal's tetrachrome blood stain | <technique> A stain for blood smears comprised of a mixture of methylene blue, azure A, methylene violet, and eosin Y. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Padykula-Herman stain | <technique> For myosin ATPase, a technique similar to that of Gomori's non-specific alkaline phosphatase stain, except that incubation is carried out with ATP as the substrate at pH 9.4 in the absence of Mg++; enzyme activity is demonstrated as blackened deposits in the A band of striated muscle sarcomeres; control tissue sections lacking substrate and containing sulfhydryl inhibitors are necessary. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Paget-Eccleston stain | <technique> An aldehyde-thionin-PAS-orange G staining technique modified to identify seven different cell types in the anterior pituitary gland. (05 Mar 2000) |
| van Ermengen's stain | <technique> A method for staining flagella which utilises glacial acetic acid, osmic acid, tannic acid, silver nitrate, gallic acid, and potassium acetate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| van Gieson's stain | <technique> A mixture of acid fuchsin in saturated picric acid solution, used in collagen staining. (05 Mar 2000) |
| malarial pigment stain | <technique> A stain using phloxine-toluidine blue O sequence; malarial pigment and nuclei are bluish, erythrocytes and cytoplasm are red to orange; found in phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Maldonado-San Jose stain | <technique> A staining method for staining pancreatic islet cells, using a phloxine-azure B-haematoxylin sequence; alpha cells are purple, beta cells are violet-blue, delta cells are light blue, and exocrine cells are grayish blue with red secretion granules. (05 Mar 2000) |
| panoptic stain | <technique> A stain in which a Romanowsky-type stain is combined with another stain; such a combination improves the staining of cytoplasmic granules and other bodies. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Mallory's aniline blue stain | <technique> A method especially suitable for studying connective tissue; sections are stained in acid fuchsin, aniline blue-orange G solution, and phosphotungstic acid; fibrils of collagen are blue, fibroglia, neuroglia, and muscle fibres are red, and fibrils of elastin are pink or yellow. Synonym: Mallory's aniline blue stain, Mallory's triple stain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Mallory's collagen stain | <technique> One of a number of staining methods using phosphomolybdic or phosphotungstic acid with an acid stain, such as aniline blue, or with haematoxylin for connective tissue staining. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Mallory's iodine stain | <technique> Amyloid appears red-brown after Gram's iodine, then violet and blue after flooding with dilute sulfuric acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Mallory's phloxine stain | <technique> A technique based on retention of phloxine by hyaline after overstaining and then decolorizing with lithium carbonate, used in combination with alum haematoxylin to give nuclear staining; hyaline appears red, older hyaline is pink to colourless, amyloid is pale pink, and nuclei are blue-black. (05 Mar 2000) |