| acid red 91 | The disodium salt of 4',5'-dibromo-2',7'-dinitrofluorescein. Synonym: acid red 91, eosin I bluish. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| acid reflux test | A test to detect gastroesophageal reflux by monitoring oesophageal pH by an electrode in the distal oesophagus either basally or after acid is instilled into the stomach. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acid rigor | Coagulation of muscle protein induced by acids. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acid salt | A salt in which not all of the ionizable hydrogen of the acid is replaced by the electropositive element; e.g., NaHSO4, KH2PO4. Synonym: bisalt, protosalt. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acid seromucoid | <biology> Plasma protein of mammals and birds, 38% carbohydrate. In humans a single chain glycoprotein of 39 kD. Increased levels are associated with inflammation, pregnancy and various diseases. (18 Nov 1997) |
| acid soluble spore protein | <molecular biology> A DNA binding protein in the spores of some bacteria, thought to stabilise the DNA in an A configuration, so protecting it from cleavage by enzymes or UV light. (18 Nov 1997) |
| acid stain | <technique> A dye in which the anion is the coloured component of the dye molecule, e.g., sodium eosinate (eosin). (05 Mar 2000) |
| acid sulfate | A salt containing HSO4-. Synonym: acid sulfate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acid tartrate | A salt of tartaric acid which contains an acid group still capable of combining with a base; e.g., bitartrate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acid tide | A temporary increase in the acidity of the urine occurring during fasting. Synonym: acid wave. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acid wave | A temporary increase in the acidity of the urine occurring during fasting. Synonym: acid wave. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acid-ash diet | A diet consisting mainly of fruits, vegetables, and milk (with minimal amounts of meat, fish, eggs, cheese, and cereals), which, when catabolised, leave an alkaline residue to be excreted in the urine. Synonym: acid-ash diet, basic diet. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acid-base balance | The normal balance between acid and base in the blood plasma, expressed in the hydrogen ion concentration or pH, resulting from the relative amounts of acidic and basic materials ingested and produced by body metabolism, compared to the relative amounts of acidic and basic materials excreted from the body and consumed by body metabolism; the normal state of acid-base balance is not one of neutrality, with equal concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions, but a more alkaline state with a certain excess of hydroxyl ions. Synonym: acid-base equilibrium. (05 Mar 2000) |
| acid-base equilibrium | A condition in which the net rate of acid or alkali production by the body is balanced by the net rate of acid or alkali excretion from the body, resulting in a stable concentration of hydrogen ions in the body fluids. (12 Dec 1998) |
| acid-base imbalance | Disturbances in the acid-base equilibrium of the body. (12 Dec 1998) |
| aldehydic acid | <biochemistry> Dicarboxylic acids in which one of the carboxyl groups (-cooh) has been replaced by an aldehyde group (-cho). (12 Dec 1998) |
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| aldobiuronic acid | Condensation products of an aldose and a uronic acid; such groupings occur among the components of various mucopolysaccharides, notably hyaluronic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| allantoic acid | Diureidoacetic acid;a degradation product of allantoin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| allodeoxycholic acid | 3a,12alpha-dihydroxy-5alpha-cholan-24-oic acid, one of the bile acids. (05 Mar 2000) |
| allomaleic acid | Trans-Butanedioic acid;an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid occurring as an intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Synonym: allomaleic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| allophanic acid | NH2CONHCOOH; urea carbonic acid;its amide is biuret (allophanamide). Synonym: carbamoylcarbamic acid, N-carboxyurea. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha-acetolactic acid | An intermediate in pyruvic acid catabolism and valine biosynthesis; CH3COC(OH)(CH3)-COOH. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid | <chemical> Alpha-amino-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-oxo-4-isoxazolepropanoic acid. An ibotenic acid homolog and glutamate agonist. The compound is the defining agonist for the ampa subtype of glutamate receptors (receptors, ampa). It has been used as a radionuclide imaging agent but is more commonly used as an experimental tool in cell biological studies. Pharmacological action: excitatory amino acid agonists. Chemical name: 4-Isoxazolepropanoic acid, alpha-amino-2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-oxo- (12 Dec 1998) |
| alpha-amino acid | Typically, an amino acid of the general formula R-CHNH2-COOH (i.e., the NH2 in the a position); the l forms of these are the hydrolysis products of proteins. In rarer usages, this class of molecules also includes alpha-amino phosphoric acids and alpha-aminosulfonic acids. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha-amino acid esterase | <enzyme> Converts alpha-amino acid esters and water to alpha-amino acids and alcohol Registry number: EC 3.1.1.43 Synonym: alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase (26 Jun 1999) |
| alpha-aminoadipic acid | 2-amino-1,6-hexanedioic acid;an intermediate of lysine biosynthesis in higher fungi and bacteria, but not in algae and higher plants. Also in degradation of lysine in mammals. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha-amino-beta-ketoadipic acid | 2-Amino-3-oxo-1,6-hexanedioic acid;an intermediate of porphobilinogen synthesis formed by d-aminolevulinic acid synthase from succinyl-CoA and glycine; it rapidly decarboxylates to d-aminolevulinic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha-aminoglutaric acid | <amino acid> One of the 20 _ amino acids commonly found in proteins. Plays a central role in amino acid metabolism, acting as precursor of glutamine, proline and arginine. Also acts as amino group donor in synthesis by transamination of alanine from pyruvate and aspartic acid from oxaloacetate. Glutamate is also a neurotransmitter, the product of its decarboxylation is the inhibitory neurotransmitter amino butyrate (GABA). (18 Nov 1997) |
| alpha-aminoisobutyric acid | 2-amino-2-methylpropionic acid;a synthetic amino acid useful in the study of amino acid transport across cell membranes and in the study of cytokine effects; it is not metabolised by the cell. (05 Mar 2000) |
| alpha-aminosuccinic acid | <amino acid> One of the twenty naturally occurring amino acids. Has the following chemical characteristics: pKa1 pKa2 pKa3 pI Water Solubility (30deg C)2.09-3.86 9.82 2.97 0.6 (09 Oct 1997) |