| 영문 | digestive system | 한글 | 소화기계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 먹은 음식의 분해, 소화, 흡수에 관계된 장기를 통칭해서 부르는 말. |
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| 영문 | nervous system | 한글 | 신경계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 여러 기관들의 서로간 상호연결체계가 바로 신경계이다. 여기에는 중추신경계(central nerve system: CNS)와 말초신경계(peripheral nerve system: PNS)가 있는데, 중추신경계란 뇌와 척수를 말한다. 그리고 말초신경계에는 12쌍의 뇌신경(cranial nerve: 뇌에서 기시하여 주로 얼굴부위와 목 부위에 분포한다)과 31쌍의 척수신경(spinal nerve:spinal cord에서 각기 양쪽으로 쌍을 이루어 나오는데 주로 목이하부위의 신체 각부분으로 분포하게 된다)으로 구성되어 있다. 또한 말초신경계는 3가지의 신경조직들로 구성되어 있는데 앞에서 말한 뇌신경과 척수신경외에 자율신경계가 여기에 해당된다. 자율신경계는 다시 교감신경과 부교감신경으로 나뉘어져 서로간의 올바른 상호작용으로 생체 여러 가지 작용을 수행한다. |
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| 영문 | cardiovascular system | 한글 | 심장혈관계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신체의 혈액순환을 담당하는 기관. 즉 심장과 혈관을 통칭해서 이르는 말이다. |
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| 영문 | autonomic nervous system | 한글 | 자율신경계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 사람의 의지와 관계없이, 침을 흘리거나 소화운동 등과 같은 스스로 조정이 되어 움직이는 신경계이며 여기에는 다음과 같은 두 가지가 있다. 1.교감신경계(sympathetic nervous system)-사람이 위험상태에 이르렀을 경우에 흥분이 되는 자율신경계. 즉 심박수의 증가, 소화기 운동의 감소 등의 일이 이곳을 통해서 일어난다. 교감신경이 흥분되면 교감신경의 말단에서 epinephrine, norepinephrine 등의 물질이 분비되고 이것들에 의해서 말초장기가 변화를 일으킨다. 하지만 장기에 따라서 epinephrine이나 norepinephrine의 수용체를 가지고 있어서 여러 가지 다른 장기의 반응을 볼 수가 있다. 수용체는 다음과 같다. -알파수용체(alpha-receptor): 말초혈관의 수축, 기관지의 수축, 동공의 근육의 수축 -베타1수용체(beta 1-receptor): 심장에 존재하는 수용체, 심장을 빨리 뛰게하는 역할을 한다. -베타2수용체(beta 2-receptor): 혈관의 이완, 기관지의 이완, 즉 각 장기들은 그 장기가 가지고 있는 교감신경의 수용체에 따라 교감신경의 흥분(교감신경 말단에서의 epinephrine의 분비)에 대한 반응이 달라진다(예-교감신경이 흥분시에 beta 1-수용체를 가지고 있는 심장은 빨리 뛰게 된다. 교감신경 흥분시에 동공의 근육이 수축해서 동공의 크기가 커진다) 2.부교감신경계(parasympathetic nervous system)-교감신경과 반대로 작용한다. 즉 사람이 졸리거나 쉴 경우에 흥분한다. 부교감신경이 흥분할 때에는 신경의 말단에서 아세칠콜린의 분비가 일어나고 이것으로 인해서 각 장기의 변화가 일어난다. |
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| 영문 | TNM staging system | 한글 | 종양병기분류계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 종양의 병기(stage)를 결정하는 한 방법. T는 Tumor(종양)를 뜻하며 원발병터의 크기, 주위조직으로의 침윤정도 등에 따라 T1, T2, T3, T4(숫자가 높을 수록 주위로 침윤이 많다) 등으로 나눈다. N은 Node(림프절)를 뜻하며 침범된 림프절의 갯수, 크기, 위치 등에 따라 N1, N2, N3 등으로 나눈다. M은 Metastasis(전이)를 뜻하며 원격전이의 유무에 따라 M0, M1 등으로 나눈다. 이상의 방법으로 T, N, M이 결정되면 이들을 조합하여 최종적인 병기를 결정한다. 이렇게 결정된 병기는 치료 방침 결정과 예후 판단에 매우 중요하다. |
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| MPS | meconium plug syndrome; medial premotor system; Member of the Pharmaceutical Society; microbial prof... |
|---|---|
| MEOS | Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System = MFOS; Mixed Function Oxidase System |
| TNM staging System | standard Tumor, NOde & Metastasis staging system |
| ARMS | adverse reaction monitoring system; amplification refractory mutation system |
| CSD | carotid sinus denervation; cat scratch disease; combined system disease; conditionally streptomycin ... |
| point | 1. That which pricks or pierces; the sharp end of anything, especially. The sharp end of a piercing instrument, as a needle or a pin. 2. An instrument which pricks or pierces, as a sort of needle used by engravers, etchers, lace workers, and others; also, a pointed cutting tool, as a stone cutter's point; called also pointer. 3. Anything which tapers to a sharp, well-defined termination. Specifically: A small promontory or cape; a tract of land extending into the water beyond the common shore line. 4. The mark made by the end of a sharp, piercing instrument, as a needle; a prick. 5. An indefinitely small space; a mere spot indicated or supposed. <geometry> Specifically: That which has neither parts nor magnitude; that which has position, but has neither length, breadth, nor thickness, sometimes conceived of as the limit of a line; that by the motion of which a line is conceived to be produced. 6. An indivisible portion of time; a moment; an instant; hence, the verge. "When time's first point begun Made he all souls." (Sir J. Davies) 7. A mark of punctuation; a character used to mark the divisions of a composition, or the pauses to be observed in reading, or to point off groups of figures, etc.; a stop, as a comma, a semicolon, and especially. A period; hence, figuratively, an end, or conclusion. "And there a point, for ended is my tale." (Chaucer) "Commas and points they set exactly right." (Pope) 8. Whatever serves to mark progress, rank, or relative position, or to indicate a transition from one state or position to another, degree; step; stage; hence, position or condition attained; as, a point of elevation, or of depression; the stock fell off five points; he won by tenpoints. "A point of precedence." . "Creeping on from point to point." . "A lord full fat and in good point." (Chaucer) 9. That which arrests attention, or indicates qualities or character; a salient feature; a characteristic; a peculiarity; hence, a particular; an item; a detail; as, the good or bad points of a man, a horse, a book, a story, etc. "He told him, point for point, in short and plain." (Chaucer) "In point of religion and in point of honor." (Bacon) "Shalt thou dispute With Him the points of liberty ?" (Milton) 10. Hence, the most prominent or important feature, as of an argument, discourse, etc.; the essential matter; especially, the proposition to be established; as, the point of an anecdote. "Here lies the point." "They will hardly prove his point." (Arbuthnot) 11. A small matter; a trifle; a least consideration; a punctilio. "This fellow doth not stand upon points." (Shak) "[He] cared not for God or man a point." (Spenser) 12. A dot placed at the right hand of a note, to raise its value, or prolong its time, by one half, as to make a whole note equal to three half notes, a half note equal to three quarter notes. 13. <astronomy> A fixed conventional place for reference, or zero of reckoning, in the heavens, usually the intersection of two or more great circles of the sphere, and named specifically in each case according to the position intended; as, the equinoctial points; the solstitial points; the nodal points; vertical points, etc. See Equinoctial Nodal. 14. One of the several different parts of the escutcheon. See Escutcheon. 15. One of the points of the compass (see Points of the compass, below); also, the difference between two points of the compass; as, to fall off a point. A short piece of cordage used in reefing sails. See Reef point, under Reef. 16. A a string or lace used to tie together certain parts of the dress. 17. Lace wrought the needle; as, point de Venise; Brussels point. See Point lace, below. 18. A switch. 19. An item of private information; a hint; a tip; a pointer. 20. A fielder who is stationed on the off side, about twelve or fifteen yards from, and a little in advance of, the batsman. 21. The attitude assumed by a pointer dog when he finds game; as, the dog came to a point. See Pointer. 22. A standard unit of measure for the size of type bodies, being one twelfth of the thickness of pica type. See Point system of type, under Type. 23. A tyne or snag of an antler. 24. One of the spaces on a backgammon board. 25. A movement executed with the saber or foil; as, tierce point. The word point is a general term, much used in the sciences, particularly in mathematics, mechanics, perspective, and physics, but generally either in the geometrical sense, or in that of degree, or condition of change, and with some accompanying descriptive or qualifying term, under which, in the vocabulary, the specific uses are explained; as, boiling point, carbon point, dry point, freezing point, melting point, vanishing point, etc. at all points, in every particular, completely; perfectly. At point, In point, At, In, or On, the point, as near as can be; on the verge; about (see About, 6); as, at the point of death; he was on the point of speaking. "In point to fall down." . "Caius Sidius Geta, at point to have been taken, recovered himself so valiantly as brought day on his side." . Dead point. A point of a curve which possesses some property not possessed by points in general on the curve, as a cusp, a point of inflection, a node, etc. To carry one's point, to accomplish one's object, as in a controversy. To make a point of, to attach special importance to. To make, or gain, a point, accomplish that which was proposed; also, to make advance by a step, grade, or position. To mark, or score, a point, as in billiards, cricket, etc, to note down, or to make, a successful hit, run, etc. To strain a point, to go beyond the proper limit or rule; to stretch one's authority or conscience. Vowel point, in Hebrew, and certain other Eastern and ancient languages, a mark placed above or below the consonant, or attached to it, representing the vowel, or vocal sound, which precedes or follows the consonant. Origin: F. Point, and probably also pointe, L. Punctum, puncta, fr. Pungere, punctum, to prick. See Pungent, and cf. Puncto, Puncture. 1. To direct the point of something, as of a finger, for the purpose of designating an object, and attracting attention to it; with at. "Now must the world point at poor Katharine." (Shak) "Point at the tattered coat and ragged shoe." (Dryden) 2. To indicate the presence of game by fixed and steady look, as certain hunting dogs do. "He treads with caution, and he points with fear." (Gay) 3. <medicine> To approximate to the surface; to head; said of an abscess. To point at, to treat with scorn or contempt by pointing or directing attention to. To point well, to sail close to the wind; said of a vessel. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
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| point A | In cephalometrics, the most posterior midline point on the premaxilla between the anterior nasal spine and the prosthion. Synonym: point A. (05 Mar 2000) |
| point angle | The junction of three surfaces of the crown of a tooth, or of the walls of a cavity. (05 Mar 2000) |
| point B | In cephalometrics, the most posterior midline point, above the chin, on the mandibula between the infradentate and the pogonion. Synonym: point B. Origin: supra-+ L. Mentum, chin (05 Mar 2000) |
| point deletion | Deletion involving a submicroscopic loss of genetic material too small to be resolved by linkage analysis. Synonym: nucleotide deletion. (05 Mar 2000) |
| point epidemic | An epidemic where a pronounced clustering of cases of disease occurs within a very short period of time (within a few days or even hours) due to exposure of persons or animals to a common source of infection such as food or water. (05 Mar 2000) |
| point mutation | <molecular biology> Mutation that causes the replacement of a single base pair with another pair. (18 Nov 1997) |
| point-of-care systems | Laboratory and other services provided to patients at the bedside. These include diagnostic and laboratory testing using automated information entry systems. (12 Dec 1998) |
| point of elbow | <anatomy> The large process at the proximal end of the ulna which projects behind the articulation with the humerus and forms the bony prominence of the elbow. Origin: NL, fr.Gr.; elbow + the head. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| point of fixation | The point on the retina at which the rays coming from an object regarded directly are focused. Synonym: point of regard. (05 Mar 2000) |
| point of maximal impulse | The point on the chest wall at which the maximal cardiac impulse is seen and/or felt. (05 Mar 2000) |
| point of ossification | The site of earliest bone formation via accumulation of osteoblasts within connective tissue (membranous ossification) or of earliest destruction of cartilage prior to onset of ossification (endochondral ossification). Synonym: punctum ossificationis, ossific centre, point of ossification. (05 Mar 2000) |
| point of proximal contact | That part of the proximal surface of a tooth which touches the adjacent tooth mesially or distally. Synonym: contact point, point of proximal contact. (05 Mar 2000) |
| point of regard | The point on the retina at which the rays coming from an object regarded directly are focused. Synonym: point of regard. (05 Mar 2000) |
| point projection | <microscopy> A method of producing enlarged images by means of X rays. The specimen is placed close to a point source of X rays and the magnification achieved is the ratio of source-image to source-object distance. Resolution depends primarily on the diameter of the source. (05 Aug 1998) |