| Ehrlich, Paul | <person> A brilliant scientist and student, born in Silesia, Germany, who at the age of 23 published his first scientific paper which was on the discovery of the mast cells - a name coined by him (1887). While a resident in medicine at Charite Hospital in Berlin he utilised the newly discovered aniline dyes to develop some of the basic methods of histology. Among his contributions are: The preparation and staining of blood smears, he demonstrated granules in leukocytes, described the neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil, myelocyte, and mononuclear cells (white blood cells), he demonstrated normoblasts, megaloblasts and microblasts of the erythrocytic (red blood cell) series. In 1887, he differentiated lymphocytic leukaemia from "bone marrow leukaemia" (myeloid) on blood smear, in 1888, he described aplastic anaemia, in 1882 the diazo reaction of typhoid urines, in 1882, less than six weeks after Koch described the Tuberculus bacillus, Ehrlich had described its acid-fastness and devised the fuchsin stain to demonstrate the pink rod on a blue background. Ehrlich fell ill with tuberculosis and went to Egypt for 3 years for rest and cure. Following his return, he entered the field of immunology. at Von Behring's request, he developed means of standardising antitoxin dosage (immunization units). at the age of 42, he became director of the "Royal Institute for Standardisation and Investigation of Antitoxic Sera." Here he devised his famous "side-chain" theory of immunisation. It has since been replaced. Paul Ehrlich reinvestigated Bordet's alexin and heat-stable substance and named them "complement" and "immune body". Ehrlich coined the terms and created a new science of chemotherapy. In 1910 he discovered Salvarsan or 606, a therapeutic antiluetic. For his silver bullet (Salvarsan) in 1908, he received the Nobel Prize. This scientist was greatly concerned over the problem of drug fastness which still remains a problem. He died August 20, 1915. Lived: 1854-1915. (18 Nov 1997) |
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| Trenaunay, Paul | <person> French physician, *1875. See: Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Jacques, Paul | <person> 19th century French physician. See: Jacques' plexus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Junius, Paul | <person> German ophthalmologist, *1871. See: Kuhnt-Junius degeneration, Kuhnt-Junius disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Yvon, Paul | Paul, French physician and chemist, 1848-1913. See: Yvon's test. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Unna, Paul | <person> German dermatologist and staining expert, 1850-1929. See: Unna's disease, Unna's mark, Unna's stain, Unna-Pappenheim stain, Unna-Taenzer stain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Kraske, Paul | <person> German surgeon, 1851-1930. See: Kraske's operation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Flechsig, Paul | <person> German neurologist, 1847-1929. See: Flechsig's areas, Flechsig's ground bundles, Flechsig's fasciculi, Flechsig's tract, oval area of Flechsig, semilunar nucleus of Flechsig. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Langerhans, Paul | <person> B. Berlin, July 25th, 1847. Was a Physician and an Anatomist and became Professor of Pathological Anatomy in Freiburg. On his retirement went to Madeira. D. Funchal, July 20th, 1888. Islets of Langerhans - collection of cells in the pancreas which produce insulin and glucagon. Cells of Langerhans - dendritic cells found in the epidermis of the skin. Lived: 1847-1888. (05 Dec 1998) |
| anterior white commissure | A narrow band of white substance bordering on the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord in front of the anterior gray commissure, and consisting of nerve fibres crossing over from one half of the spinal cord to the other. Synonym: commissura alba, anterior white commissure, commissura ventralis alba, ventral white column. (05 Mar 2000) |
| blue white colour selection | <molecular biology, procedure> Method for identifying bacterial clones containing plasmids with inserts. Many modern vectors have their polycloning site within a part of the LacZ gene encoding _ galactosidase, which provides _ complementation in an appropriate mutant E. Coli strain. This means that a re ligated (empty) vector will produce blue colonies when grown on plates containing IPTG and X gal, but colonies with a substantial insert in their plasmid's polycloning site are unable to produce functional _ galactosidase and so produce white colonies. (16 Dec 1997) |
| Bouffardi's white mycetoma | <dermatology> A form of mycetoma common in India and found occasionally in Somalia, caused by the organism Streptomyces somaliensis; in this variety, the muscles, tendons, and bones of the foot are destroyed by the disease process; numerous draining sinuses discharge yellowish grains, clustered like fish roe. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Brumpt's white mycetoma | Mycetoma caused by Pseudallescheria boydii, occurring in temperate and subtropical areas in India; small, white to yellow, hard to soft granules are discharged through the draining sinuses. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ventral white column | A narrow band of white substance bordering on the anterior median fissure of the spinal cord in front of the anterior gray commissure, and consisting of nerve fibres crossing over from one half of the spinal cord to the other. Synonym: commissura alba, anterior white commissure, commissura ventralis alba, ventral white column. (05 Mar 2000) |
| matter, white | The part of the brain that contains myelinated nerve fibres. The white matter is white because it is the colour of myelin, the insulation covering the nerve fibres. The white matter is as opposed to the gray matter (the cortex of the brain which contains nerve cell bodies). (12 Dec 1998) |