| reading frame | One of the three possible ways of reading a nucleotide sequence. As the genetic code is read in nonoverlapping triplets (codons) there are three possible ways of translating a sequence of nucleotides into a protein, each with a different starting point. For example: given the nucleotide sequence: AGCAGCAGC, the three reading frames are: AGC AGC AGC, GCA GCA, CAG CAG. (18 Nov 1997) |
|---|---|
| reading frame, open | An open reading frame in DNA has no termination codon, no signal to stop reading the nucleotide sequence, and so may be translated into protein. (12 Dec 1998) |
| reading frames | The sequence of codons by which translation may occur. A segment of mRNA 5'auccga3' could be translated in three reading frames, 5'auc.. Or 5'ucc.. Or 5'ccg.., depending on the location of the start codon. (12 Dec 1998) |
| reading-frameshift mutation | <molecular biology> A type of mutation that results from insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide into, or from, an open reading frame in the normal DNA sequence. Normally, the genetic code is read in the wrong frame, three nucleotides at a time, and the entire sequence downstream of the mutation, is translated into a polypeptide with a garbled amino acid sequence from the mutated codon onwards. These mutations may be induced by certain types of mutagens or may occur spontaneously and usually result in the generation, downstream, of nonsense, chain termination codons. Synonym: addition mutation, addition-deletion mutation, deletion mutation, reading-frameshift mutation. (21 Jun 2000) |
| readthrough | <molecular biology> The transcription of a nucleic acid sequence beyond its normal termination sequence. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ready | 1. Prepared for what one is about to do or experience; equipped or supplied with what is needed for some act or event; prepared for immediate movement or action; as, the troops are ready to march; ready for the journey. "When she redy was." 2. Fitted or arranged for immediate use; causing no delay for lack of being prepared or furnished. "Dinner was ready." "My oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come unto the marriage." (Matt. Xxii. 4) 3. Prepared in mind or disposition; not reluctant; willing; free; inclined; disposed. "I am ready not to be bound only, but also to die at Jerusalem, for the name of the Lord Jesus." (Acts xxi. 13) "If need be, I am ready to forego And quit." (Milton) 4. Not slow or hesitating; quick in action or perception of any kind; dexterous; prompt; easy; expert; as, a ready apprehension; ready wit; a ready writer or workman. "Ready in devising expedients." "Gurth, whose temper was ready, through surly." (Sir W. Scott) 5. Offering itself at once; at hand; opportune; convenient; near; easy. "The readiest way." "A sapling pine he wrenched from out the ground, The readiest weapon that his fury found." (Dryden) 6. On the point; about; on the brink; near; with a following infinitive. "My heart is ready to crack." (Shak) 7. A word of command, or a position, in the manual of arms, at which the piece is cocked and held in position to execute promptly the next command, which is, aim. All ready, ready in every particular; wholly equipped or prepared. "[I] am all redy at your hest." . Ready money, means of immediate payment; cash. "'Tis all the ready money fate can give." . Ready reckoner, a book of tables for facilitating computations, as of interest, prices, etc. To make ready, to make preparation; to get in readiness. Synonym: Prompt, expeditious, speedy, unhesitating, dexterous, apt, skilful, handy, expert, facile, easy, opportune, fitted, prepared, disposed, willing, free, cheerful. See Prompt. Origin: AS. Raede; akin to D. Gereed, bereid, G. Bereit, Goth. Garaids fixed, arranged, and possibly to E. Ride, as meaning originally, prepared for riding. Cf. Array, 1st Curry. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| reagent | <technique> A histochemical technique based on periodic acid oxidation of a substance containing the 1,2-glycol grouping. It is used for staining carbohydrates as the resulting dialdehyde reacts with Schiff reagent to form a coloured product. The adjacent hydroxyl groups are oxidized to form aldehydes by periodic acid (HIO4) and these aldehyde groups react with Schiff's reagent (basic fuchsin decolourised by sulphurous acid) to give a purple colour. Acronym: PAS (18 Nov 1997) |
| reagent kits, diagnostic | Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use. (12 Dec 1998) |
| reagent strips | Narrow pieces of material impregnated or covered with a substance used to produce a chemical reaction. The strips are used in detecting, measuring, producing, etc., other substances. (12 Dec 1998) |
| reaggravation | The last monitory, published after three admonitions and before the last excommunication. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| reagin | <protein> Reaginic antibodies, an outmoded term for IgE. (18 Nov 1997) |
| reaginic | Pertaining to a reagin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| reaginic antibody | <immunology> A type of antibody which is able to attach itself to the surfaces of cells without needing specific combining sites. A homocytotropic antibody will only bind to cells which are from the same species as itself. (09 Oct 1997) |
| real | Royal; regal; kingly. "The blood real of Thebes." 1. Actually being or existing; not fictitious or imaginary; as, a description of real life. "Whereat I waked, and found Before mine eyes all real, as the dream Had lively shadowed." (Milton) 2. True; genuine; not artificial; counterfeit, or factitious; often opposed to ostensible; as, the real reason; real Madeira wine; real ginger. "Whose perfection far excelled Hers in all real dignity." (Milton) 5. Relating to things, not to persons. "Many are perfect in men's humors that are not greatly capable of the real part of business." (Bacon) 4. <mathematics> Having an assignable arithmetical or numerical value or meaning; not imaginary. 5. Pertaining to things fixed, permanent, or immovable, as to lands and tenements; as, real property, in distinction from personal or movable property. Chattels real, a burden imposed upon one estate in favor of another estate of another proprietor. Synonym: Actual, true, genuine, authentic. Real, Actual. Real represents a thing to be a substantive existence; as, a real, not imaginary, occurrence. Actual refers to it as acted or performed; and, hence, when we wish to prove a thing real, we often say, "It actually exists," "It has actually been done." Thus its really is shown by its actually. Actual, from this reference to being acted, has recently received a new signification, namely, present; as, the actual posture of affairs; since what is now in action, or going on, has, of course, a present existence. An actual fact; a real sentiment. "For he that but conceives a crime in thought, Contracts the danger of an actual fault." (Dryden) "Our simple ideas are all real; all agree to the reality of things." (Locke) Origin: LL. Realis, fr. L. Res, rei, a thing: cf. F. Reel. Cf. Rebus. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| real focus | The point of meeting of convergent rays. (05 Mar 2000) |