| 영문 | heart murmur | 한글 | 심장잡음 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 심장에서는 정상적으로 소리가 난다. 그 소리는 주로 판막이 닫힐 때 나는 소리로 쿵－쾅하는 2개의 소리로 보통 이루어진다. 처음에 나는 저음의 소리를 제 1심음이라고 하고 이것은 주로 승모판이나 삼첨판이 닫힐 때 나는 소리다. 그리고 두번째 나는 고음의 소리를 제 2심음이라고 한다. 이것은 주로 대동맥판이나 폐동맥판이 닫힐 때 나는 소리이다. 그리고 소아에서 정상적으로 들리는 제 3심음이 있다. 이것은 심방에서 들어오는 혈액이 심실에서 부딪혀서 나는 소리로 아주 약하고 낮은 소리이다. 심잡음이란 이런 정상적인 심음을 제외한 심장에서 나는 소리를 이르는 말이다. 심잡음의 기원과 의미를 정확히 판단하려면 심주기상 어느 시기에 청진되는가(수축기, 확장기, 연속성), 가장 크게 청진되는 부위가 어디인가, 전파되는 부위는 어디인가, 심잡음의 강도와 질은 어떠한가, 호흡과의 관계는 어떠한가를 분석하여야 한다. |
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| 영문 | heart-lung machine | 한글 | 심장-허파 기계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 심장의 수술에 사용되는 기계로서 심장이 수술을 받고 있는 동안 기능을 하지 못하므로 이 기능을 대신 해주는 기계이다. 이것은 대정맥과 대동맥사이에 연결이 되어서 혈액을 강제로 순환시키면서 대정맥에서 온 피에 산소를 공급하여 대동맥으로 돌려 보내는 역할을 한다. 즉 심장과 폐의 역할을 동시에 하는 기계이다. |
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| 영문 | congestive heart failure | 한글 | 울혈성심장기능상실 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 심장의 원래 기능, 즉 혈액을 말초로 보내는 펌프와 같은 기능이 거의 없어진 상태를 말한다. 피를 보내는 펌프의 역할이 멈추었으므로 심장으로 들어오는 피는 심장으로 들어오지 못하고 정맥속에서 정체하게 된다. 그리하여 혈액의 대부분이 말초의 정맥에 머물게 되어 여러 가지 증상이 나타난다. 특히 허파를 돌아 좌심방으로 들어가야하는 피가 펌프 기능이 없어져서 왼심방에 많은 피가 정체하고 있어서 들어가지 못해서 허파에 고이게 된다. 그러면 허파에 산소와 이산화탄소를 교환하는 기능이 없어져서 숨을 쉬지 못하는 결과를 낸다. 즉 숨이 차고 숨쉬기 힘든 증세가 나타난다. 또 온몸을 순환한 다음에 우심방으로 들어와야하는 피도 우심방으로 들어오지 못해서 말초에 정체하므로 온몸이 붓게 된다. |
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| AE | above-elbow [amputation]; acrodermatitis enteropathica; activation energy; adult erythrocyte; advers... |
|---|---|
| AGR | aniridia, genitourinary abnormalities, and mental retardation; anticipatory goal response |
| WAGR | Wilms tumor, aniridia, genitourinary abnormalities, and mental retardation |
| TORCH | toxoplasmosis, other [congenital syphilis and viruses], rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex... |
| CHARGE | coloboma, heart disease, atresia choanae, retarded growth and retarded development and/or CNS anomal... |
| automatic beat | In contrast to forced beat, an ectopic beat that arises de novo and is not precipitated by the preceding beat; thus escaped and parasystolic beat's are automatic. Synonym: automatic contraction. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| beat | 1. To strike repeatedly; to lay repeated blows upon; as, to beat one's breast; to beat iron so as to shape it; to beat grain, in order to force out the seeds; to beat eggs and sugar; to beat a drum. "Thou shalt beat some of it [spices] very small." (Ex. Xxx. 36) "They did beat the gold into thin plates." (Ex. Xxxix. 3) 2. To punish by blows; to thrash. 3. To scour or range over in hunting, accompanied with the noise made by striking bushes, etc, for the purpose of rousing game. "To beat the woods, and rouse the bounding prey." (Prior) 4. To dash against, or strike, as with water or wind. "A frozen continent . . . Beat with perpetual storms." (Milton) 5. To tread, as a path. "Pass awful gulfs, and beat my painful way." (Blackmore) 6. To overcome in a battle, contest, strife, race, game, etc.; to vanquish or conquer; to surpass. "He beat them in a bloody battle." (Prescott) "For loveliness, it would be hard to beat that." (M. Arnold) 7. To cheat; to chouse; to swindle; to defraud; often with out. 8. To exercise severely; to perplex; to trouble. "Why should any one . . . Beat his head about the Latin grammar who does not intend to be a critic?" (Locke) 9. To give the signal for, by beat of drum; to sound by beat of drum; as, to beat an alarm, a charge, a parley, a retreat; to beat the general, the reveille, the tattoo. See Alarm, Charge, Parley, etc. To beat down, to haggle with (any one) to secure a lower price; to force down. To beat into, to teach or instill, by repetition. To beat off, to repel or drive back. To beat out, to extend by hammering. To beat out of a thing, to cause to relinquish it, or give it up. "Nor can anything beat their posterity out of it to this day." . To beat the dust. To take in too little ground with the fore legs, as a horse. To perform curvets too precipitately or too low. To beat the hoof, to walk; to go on foot. To beat the wing, to flutter; to move with fluttering agitation. To beat time, to measure or regulate time in music by the motion of the hand or foot. To beat up, to attack suddenly; to alarm or disturb; as, to beat up an enemy's quarters. Synonym: To strike, pound, bang, buffet, maul, drub, thump, baste, thwack, thrash, pommel, cudgel, belabor, conquer, defeat, vanquish, overcome. Origin: OE. Beaten, beten, AS. Beatan; akin to Icel. Bauta, OHG. Bzan. Cf. 1st Butt, Button. 1. To strike repeatedly; to inflict repeated blaows; to knock vigorously or loudly. "The men of the city . . . Beat at the door." (Judges. Xix. 22) 2. To move with pulsation or throbbing. "A thousand hearts beat happily." (Byron) 3. To come or act with violence; to dash or fall with force; to strike anything, as, rain, wind, and waves do. "Sees rolling tempests vainly beat below." (Dryden) "They [winds] beat at the crazy casement." (Longfellow) "The sun beat upon the head of Jonah, that he fainted, and wisbed in himself to die." (Jonah iv. 8) "Public envy seemeth to beat chiefly upon ministers." (Bacon) 4. To be in agitation or doubt. "To still my beating mind." (Shak). 5. To make progress against the wind, by sailing in a zigzag line or traverse. 6. To make a sound when struck; as, the drums beat. 7. To make a succession of strokes on a drum; as, the drummers beat to call soldiers to their quarters. 8. <physics> To sound with more or less rapid alternations of greater and less intensity, so as to produce a pulsating effect; said of instruments, tones, or vibrations, not perfectly in unison. A beating wind, to run first one way and then another; said of a stag. To beat up for recruits, to go diligently about in order to get helpers or participators in an enterprise. 1. A stroke; a blow. "He, with a careless beat, Struck out the mute creation at a heat." (Dryden) 2. A recurring stroke; a throb; a pulsation; as, a beat of the heart; the beat of the pulse. 3. The rise or fall of the hand or foot, marking the divisions of time; a division of the measure so marked. In the rhythm of music the beat is the unit. A transient grace note, struck immediately before the one it is intended to ornament. 4. <physics> A sudden swelling or reenforcement of a sound, recurring at regular intervals, and produced by the interference of sound waves of slightly different periods of vibrations; applied also, by analogy, to other kinds of wave motions; the pulsation or throbbing produced by the vibrating together of two tones not quite in unison. See Beat. 5. A round or course which is frequently gone over; as, a watchman's beat. 6. A place of habitual or frequent resort. 7. A cheat or swindler of the lowest grade; often emphasized by dead; as, a dead beat. Beat of drum, a succession of strokes varied, in different ways, for particular purposes, as to regulate a march, to call soldiers to their arms or quarters, to direct an attack, or retreat, etc. Beat of a watch, or clock, the stroke or sound made by the action of the escapement. A clock is in beat or out of beat, according as the strokes is at equal or unequal intervals. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| ventricular fusion beat | A fusion beat that occurs when the ventricles are activated partly by the descending sinus or A-V junctional impulse and partly by an ectopic ventricular impulse. (05 Mar 2000) |
| parasystolic beat | A cardiac arrhythmia caused by the interaction of two foci independently initiating cardiac impulses at different rates. Generally one of the foci is the sinoatrial node (the normal pacemaker) and the ectopic focus is usually in the ventricle, but can occur in the sinus and av nodes, atrium and ventricle, and av junction. Each focus - and thus each rhythm - is protected from the influence of the other. (12 Dec 1998) |
| reciprocal beat | See: reciprocal rhythm. (05 Mar 2000) |
| retrograde beat | A beat occurring as an electrical activation of a portion of a heart chamber cephalad to the chamber of origin, e.g., an atrial beat triggered by an impulse originating in the ventricle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| mixed beat | A beat triggered by more than a single electrical impulse, when the wave fronts coincide to act together on a single final pathway of activity; in the electrocardiogram, the atrial or ventricular complex when either atria or ventricles are activated jointly by two simultaneous or nearly simultaneous invading impulses. Synonym: combination beat, mixed beat, summation beat. (05 Mar 2000) |
| combination beat | A beat triggered by more than a single electrical impulse, when the wave fronts coincide to act together on a single final pathway of activity; in the electrocardiogram, the atrial or ventricular complex when either atria or ventricles are activated jointly by two simultaneous or nearly simultaneous invading impulses. Synonym: combination beat, mixed beat, summation beat. (05 Mar 2000) |
| premature beat | A premature contraction of the heart that is independent of the normal rhythm and arises in response to an impulse in some part of the heart other than the sinoatrial node. Synonym: premature beat. (18 Nov 1997) |
| pseudofusion beat | <cardiology, physiology> An electrocardiographic representation of a cardiac depolarisation produced by superimposition of an ineffectual electronic pacemaker spike upon a QRS-complex originating from a spontaneous focus within the heart. The pacemaker spike is ineffectual because the electronic discharge, which it represents graphically, occurred within the absolute refractory period of the spontaneous beat and is therefore not indicative of pacemaker malfunction. (21 Jun 2000) |
| summation beat | A beat triggered by more than a single electrical impulse, when the wave fronts coincide to act together on a single final pathway of activity; in the electrocardiogram, the atrial or ventricular complex when either atria or ventricles are activated jointly by two simultaneous or nearly simultaneous invading impulses. Synonym: combination beat, mixed beat, summation beat. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dependent beat | <cardiology, physiology> An extrasystole supposedly precipitated in some way by the preceding normal beat to which it is coupled, an extrasystole caused by artificial stimulation of the heart. Synonym: dependent beat. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Dressler beat | Fusion beat interrupting a ventricular tachycardia and producing a normally narrow QRS complex as a result of the fusion of two impulses, one impulse from the ventricular tachycardia and the other from a supraventricular focus; Dressler beat's strongly support the diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia by interruption of it. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dropped beat | A heart beat that fails to appear. (05 Mar 2000) |
| interference beat | Ventricular capture in forms of A-V dissociation due to interference. (05 Mar 2000) |