| HEV | health and environment; hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus; hepatitis E virus; hepato-encephal... |
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| SFV | Semliki Forest virus; shipping fever virus; Shope fibroma virus; squirrel fibroma virus |
| DEV | deviant, deviation; duck embryo vaccine or virus |
| HBV | hepatitis B vaccine; hepatitis B virus |
| IBV | infectious bronchitis vaccine; infectious bronchitis virus |
| exchange transfusion, whole blood | Repetitive withdrawal of small amounts of blood and replacement with donor blood until a large proportion of the blood volume has been exchanged. Used in treatment of foetal erythroblastosis, hepatic coma, sickle cell anaemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, septicaemia, burns, thrombotic thrombopenic purpura, and fulminant malaria. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| Asian influenza | A worldwide influenza, apparently originating in China in the summer of 1957, which produces a milder disease than that of the pandemic of 1917-1919. (05 Mar 2000) |
| avian influenza | Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other birds with influenza a virus, avian. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Russian influenza | A pandemic of a strain influenza A virus thought to have originated in Russia; occurred in 1978. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Haemophilus influenza | <bacteria> A gram-negative bacteria that is a common cause for epiglottitis, meningitis, conjunctivitis, sepsis and respiratory infections. Haemophilus influenza type b is a gram-negative bacteria that is responsible for a significant percentage of bacterial sepsis (blood-borne infection) cases in infants under 4 months of age (pneumonia, epiglottitis, sepsis, septic arthritis, cellulitis). There is a new vaccination available to protect against this common infant pathogen (HIB vaccine, haemophilus influenza b vaccine). (27 Sep 1997) |
| Haemophilus influenza meningitis | <disease> A form of meningitis caused by the bacterium haemophilus influenza. Inflammation of the membranes (meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord can result after infection with this organism. Influenza meningitis occurs most frequently in children under 5 years old. Onset may be sudden or occur more slowly after an upper respiratory infection. Symptoms and features include fever, headache, stiff neck, photophobia and mental status changes. Infants may be irritable and exhibit poor feeding associated with fever. Severe cases may progress to seizures, coma and death. Treatment always includes high-dose systemic antibiotics and corticosteroids may also be used in some select cases. (27 Sep 1997) |
| Hong Kong influenza | Influenza caused by a serotype of influenza virus type A and first identified in Hong Kong. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Spanish influenza | Influenza that caused several waves of pandemic in 1918-1919, resulting in more than 20 million deaths worldwide; it was particularly severe in Spain (hence the name), but now is thought to have originated in the U.S. As a form of swine influenza. (05 Mar 2000) |
| swine influenza | An acute respiratory disease of swine caused by strains of influenza virus type A; it is believed to have become adapted to swine in the United States during the great human pandemic in 1918; fatal cases, as in such cases of pandemic influenza in man, are commonly associated with secondary bacterial pneumonia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| swine influenza viruses | Strains of influenza virus type A which cause influenza of swine and can infect humans. (05 Mar 2000) |
| immunization, influenza | See Immunization, flu. (12 Dec 1998) |
| influenza | An acute viral infection involving the respiratory tract, occurring in isolated cases, in epidemics or in pandemics striking many continents simultaneously or in sequence. It is marked by inflammation of the nasal mucosa, the pharynx and conjunctiva and by headache and severe, often generalised myalgia. Fever, chills and prostration are common. Involvement of the myocardium and of the central nervous system occur infrequently. A necrotising bronchitis and interstitial pneumonia are prominent features of severe influenza and account for the susceptibility of patients to secondary bacterial pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus. The incubation period is one to three days and the disease ordinarily lasts for three to ten days. Influenza is caused by a number of serologically distinct strains of virus, designated A (with many subgroups), B and C. Synonym: flu, grippe. (18 Nov 1997) |
| influenza a | A particular genus of influenza virus. Prone to genetic variability, the influenza vaccine must be updated annually. Symptoms of influenza include fever, muscle aches, headache, malaise, chills, cough and sore throat. (27 Sep 1997) |
| influenza B | Influenza caused by strains of influenza virus type B; outbreaks are usually more limited than those due to influenza virus type A, although infections by the two types are clinically indistinguishable; occasionally associated with Reye's syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| influenza bacillus | <bacteria> Bacterium sometimes associated with influenza virus infections, causes pneumonia and meningitis. (18 Nov 1997) |