| 영문 | influenza virus | 한글 | 인플루엔자바이러스 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 인플루엔자의 병원체. 상기도 점막에 침입하여 호흡기 질환을 일으킨다. 보체 결합 항원의 차이에 따라 A-B-C 세형태로 나뉘며, 유행할 때마다 혈구 응집 항원이 변이하여 광범위한 유행을 나타낸다. 껍질이 있는 80~150nm의 공모양, 나선 대칭 RNA 바이러스이다. 두 종류의 스파이크, 뉴라미니다아제(neuraminidase, NA), 당단백질과 헤마글루티닌(hemagglution, HA) 당단백질을 만든다. A형의 NA에는 N1-N2의 두 종류, HA에는 HAO-HA1-HA2-HA3의 네 종류가 있다. A형은 말-돼지-새에 감염하며 새로운 아형은 동물 바이러스와의 조환형이며, 그 밖에 동일 아형내 점변이가 있다. B, C형은 사람 이외에는 감염되지 않는다. 닭의 적혈구를 응집하는 성질이 있다. 바이러스 진단에는 환자의 인두 세척액에서 분리한다든가, 또는 환자의 혈청항체에 의한 특이적 적혈구 응집저지검사, 뉴라미니다아제 활성저지검사 또는 중화검사 등으로 검출한다. |
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| 영문 | information | 한글 | 정보 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 관찰이나 측정을 통하여 수집한 자료를 실제 문제에 도움이 될 수 있도록 정리한 지식, 또는 그 자료 |
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| 영문 | informed consent | 한글 | 사전동의 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 알려준 후의 동의 등으로 번역되고 있는데 일상적인 진료가운데에서의 윤리행위로서 구미에서는 일찍부터 정착되고 있는 개념이다. 이 말은 1946년 나치의사들에 대한 뉘르베르크재판 제1조에서 비롯되었다고 하며, 1964년 세계의 사회의 헬싱키선언, 1975년의 도쿄개정으로 이어졌다. 사전동의는 세 가지 중대한 구성조건을 갖는데 ① 진실의 제시, ② 충분한 이해, ③ 자발성 등이다. 환자에게 문장화해서 충분히 이해가 되도록 설명을 하고 자발적 의지에 의한 동의를 얻은 다음 의료행위를 하는 것을 의미한다. 즉 의사에게서 충분한 설명을 들은 뒤 환자나 보호자가 동의한 것으로서, 통고된 동의보다는 서로 합의하였다는 의미를 강조하는 것이다. |
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| 영문 | infrared ray | 한글 | 적외선 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 파장이 가시광선보다 길며 극초단파보다 짧은 750μm~1mm의 전자파. 눈으로는 볼 수 없고 일반적으로 공기 가운데에서 산란되기 어려우며, 가시광선보다 투과력이 강하다. 사진 적외선-근적외선-원적외선 따위로 나눌 수 있는데, 단파장 부분에는 사진 작용-형광 작용-광전 작용이 있어, 적외선 사진이나 적외선 통신-물질 감정-의료 따위에 이용한다. 1800년에 허셀이 발견되었다. 적외선은 물질에 부딛치며 구성분자의 열운동을 일으켜서 열효과를 주게되므로 열선이라고도 불린다. 태양광선의 약 52%는 적외선이다. 700~800nm의 적외선은 인체피부를 투과해서 피하에까지 이른다. 과도의 적외선 조사는 피부에 온열성홍반을 일으키게 해서 화상을 일으킬 수 있다. |
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| infantile brain tumours | <radiology> Can be present at birth: choroid plexus papilloma, medulloblastoma, craniopharyngioma, ependymoma, astrocytoma, teratoma (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| infantile cataract | A cataract affecting a very young child. (05 Mar 2000) |
| infantile coeliac disease | Gluten-sensitive enteropathy appearing in infancy, often before the age of 9 months and characterised by acute onset, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and "failure to thrive." (05 Mar 2000) |
| infantile colic | Episodes of abdominal pain due to abnormal muscular contraction of the intestine in infants. (05 Mar 2000) |
| infantile convulsion | Any convulsion occurring in infancy (0 to 2 years of age). (05 Mar 2000) |
| infantile cortical hyperostosis | Neonatal subperiosteal bone formation over many bones, especially the mandible and clavicles and the shafts of long bones; it follows fever, usually appearing before 6 months of age and disappearing during childhood. Synonym: Caffey's disease, Caffey's syndrome, Caffey-Silverman syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| infantile digital fibromatosis | Multiple fibrous flesh-coloured nodules on the extensor aspect of the terminal phalanges of adjacent digits of infants and young children which often recur after attempted excision, do not metastasize, and may spontaneously regress in two to three years; composed of spindle cells containing cytoplasmic inclusions believed to be derived from myofibrils. Synonym: infantile digital fibromatosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| infantile diplegia | A type of cerebral palsy in which there is bilateral spasticity, with the lower extremities more severely affected. Compare: flaccid paralysis. Synonym: Erb-Charcot disease, infantile diplegia, Little's disease, spastic spinal paralysis, tabes spasmodica. (05 Mar 2000) |
| infantile dwarfism | 1. A state marked by slow development of mind and body. Synonym: infantile dwarfism. 2. Childishness, as characterised by a temper tantrum of an adolescent or adult. 3. Underdevelopment of the sexual organs. (05 Mar 2000) |
| infantile eczema | Eczema in infants; the clinical appearance varies according to the dominant causative mechanism, e.g., contact-type hypersensitivity, candidiasis, atopy, seborrhoea, or a combination including intertrigo and diaper dermatitis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| infantile fibrosarcoma | <tumour> A rapidly growing but infrequently metastasizing fibrosarcoma which usually appears on the extremities in the first year of life. (05 Mar 2000) |
| infantile gastroenteritis | An endemic viral gastroenteritis of young children (6 months to 12 years) that is especially widespread during winter, caused by strains of rotavirus; the incubation period is 2 to 4 days, with symptoms lasting 3 to 5 days, including abdominal pain, diarrhoea, fever, and vomiting. Synonym: infantile gastroenteritis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| infantile gastroenteritis virus | <virology> Genus of the Reoviridae having a double layered capsid and 11 double stranded RNA molecules in the genome. They have a wheel like appearance in the electron microscope and cause acute diarrhoeal disease in their mammalian and avian hosts. Probably the most important cause of severe dehydrating diarrhoea in children under three years of age worldwide. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever and diarrhoea. Aggressive fluid replacement is generally required. (27 Sep 1997) |
| infantile generalised GM1 gangliosidosis | One of the hereditary metabolic diseases of infancy; resembles Tay-Sachs disease, except other organ systems (bone, liver, kidney) are affected. Synonym: familial neuroviscerolipidosis, pseudo-Hurler disease, Type 1 GM1 gangliosidosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| infantile GM2 gangliosidosis | <disease> A genetic disorder found in east European Jewish families which can result in early death bu affecting the brain and nerves by causing abnormal lipid metabolism. It is a lysosomal disease in which there is a deficiency of hexosaminidase A, an enzyme that degrades ganglioside GM2. Symptoms appear at age 3-6 months and include blindness, deafness, seizures, paralysis, dementia, decreased muscle tone and growth retardation. There is no known treatment and most children usually die between 2 and 5 years of age. Inheritance: autosomal recessive. (06 Oct 1997) |
Synonyms : Extremely Low Birth Weight Infant
Synonyms : Low Birth Weight, Low-Birth-Weight Infant, Birth Weight, Low, Birth Weights, Low, Infant, Low-Birth-Weight, Infants, Low-Birth-Weight, Low Birth Weight Infant, Low Birth Weights, Low-Birth-Weight Infants
Synonyms : Newborns, Infants, Newborn, Neonates, Newborn, Newborn Infant, Newborn Infants
Synonyms :
Synonyms : Infants, Postmature, Postmature Infant, Postmature Infants
| infect |
communicate a disease to; "Your children have infected you with this head cold" contaminate with a disease or microorganism contaminate with ideas or an ideology; "society was infected by racism" affect in a contagious way; "His laughter infects everyone who is in the same room"
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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| infrastructure |
the basic structure or features of a system or organization the stock of basic facilities and capital equipment needed for the functioning of a country or area; "the industrial base of Japan"
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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| inflation |
a general and progressive increase in prices; "in inflation everything gets more valuable except money" (cosmology) a brief exponential expansion of the universe (faster than the speed of light) postulated to have occurred shortly after the big bang ostentation: lack of elegance as a consequence of being pompous and puffed up with vanity the act of filling something with air
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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| inflator |
inflater: an air pump operated by hand to inflate something (as a tire)
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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| infarction |
infarct: localized necrosis resulting from obstruction of the blood supply
출처: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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| INF | an abnormal state in which development has stopped prematurely |
|---|---|
| INF | an acute viral disease marked by inflammation of nerve cells of the brain stem and spinal cord |
| INF | infantile behavior in mature persons |
| INF | an abnormal condition in which an older child or adult retains infantile characteristics |
| INF | an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot |
| INF | fights on foot with small arms |
| INF | localized necrosis resulting from obstruction of the blood supply |
| INF | localized necrosis resulting from obstruction of the blood supply |
| INF | arouse unreasoning love or passion in and cause to behave in an irrational way |
| INF | marked by foolish or unreasoning fondness |
| INF | an object of extravagant short-lived passion |
| INF | foolish and usually extravagant passion or love or admiration |