| 영문 | epithelial tumor | 한글 | 상피성종양 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 정상 사람의 조직은 체표면을 덮는 역할을 하는 조직과, 주로 발생기의 중배엽에서 분화한 간엽조직에서 유래하는 결합조직, 뼈, 연골, 지방, 근육, 혈관 등의 조직의 두 계통으로 나눌 수 있다. 전자를 상피성 조직, 후자를 비상피성 조직이라 하며 그 각각을 구성하는 세포를 상피성 세포, 비상피세포라 총칭한다. 상피성 세포에서 기원하는 종양이 상피성 종양이며, 근처의 조직으로 침투나 혈류, 림프의 조직을 타고 원거리의 장기로 이동하지 않는 양성종양에는 선종, 유두종 등이 있고 양성과 반대로 근처의 조직으로 침투, 원격장기로 전이하는 악성종양을 모두 통칭하여 암종(carcinoma)이라고 한다. |
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| 영문 | medullary tumor | 한글 | 수질성 종양 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 암의 병리학적인 분류중 하나. 여러 기관의 암에서 나타나는데 주로 갑상샘암이나 유방암에서 보인다. |
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| 영문 | mandibular bone, mandible | 한글 | 아래턱뼈, 하악골 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 얼굴을 구성하는 뼈의 한 종류로써, 흔히 말하는 "턱"을 이루는 뼈를 말한다. 얼굴뼈를 이루는 뼈는 위턱뼈(maxillary bone), 아래뼈(mandibular bone), 눈물뼈(lacrimal bone), 코뼈(nasal bone), 광대뼈(zygomatic bone), 보습뼈(vomer) 등이 있다. |
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| 영문 | malignant tumor | 한글 | 악성종양 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 정상적인 조직 세포가 각종 물리적-화학적-생물학적인 발암 물질의 작용 또는 요인에 의해 돌연변이를 일으켜서 형성되는 종양. 무제한의 세포분열로 매우 왕성하게 증식하여 주위조직을 파괴-침식한다. 또 어떤 화학물질을 내어 주위의 조직세포를 침해할 뿐만 아니라, 혈관 및 림프관을 따라 전이하여 전신의 카켁시아를일으켜 죽음을 초래한다. 상피성인 것을 암종이라 하고, 비상피성인 것을 육종이라 한다. |
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| 영문 | benign tumor | 한글 | 양성종양 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 발육속도가 완만하여 성장에 한계가 있고, 주위와의 경계가 명확하며, 다른 조직으로 퍼지지 않으며, 침윤이나 전이를 일으키지 아니하는 종양. 섬유종이나 지방종 따위가 전형적인 예이다. 양성종양은 종양이 존재한다고 해도 1차적으로 숙주의 생명을 위협하는 일은 없다. 양성종양의 발육형식은 주위의 조직간에 왕래하는 일이 없이 주위의 조직을 밀어내며 증식한다. 발육속도는 완만하며 전이하거나 절제 후 재발하는 일이 극히 드물다. 종양성분은 변이체이긴 하지만 성숙한 정상세포와 거의 다른 것이 없다. 전신에 대한 영향은 악성종양의 경우 어느 정도 발육했을 때 전신의 영양상태가 손상되어 카켁시아가 되지만 양성종양의 경우 이런 일은 거의 없다. 양성종양과 악성종양의 성상의 차이에 엄밀한 경계는 없고, 경계경변으로 보이는 종양도 있다. |
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| BT | base of tongue; bedtime; bitemporal; bitrochanteric; bladder tumor; Blalock-Taussig [shunt]; bleedin... |
|---|---|
| TNM | primary tumor, regional nodes, metastasis [tumor staging]; thyroid node metastases; tumor node metas... |
| GPC | gastric parietal cell; gel permeation chromatography; giant papillary conjunctivitis; glycophorin C;... |
| RGC | radio-gas chromatography; remnant gastric cancer; retinal ganglion cell; right giant cell |
| ABC | absolute basophil count; absolute bone conduction; acalculous biliary colic; acid balance control; a... |
| foreign body giant cell | <pathology> Syncytium formed by the fusion of macrophages in response to an indigestible particle too large to be phagocytosed for example talc, silica or asbestos fibres). There may be as many as 100 nuclei randomly distributed: similar cells but with the nuclei more peripherally located (Langhans cells) are found at the centre of tuberculous lesions. (06 Mar 1998) |
|---|---|
| bone within a bone | <radiology> STOP heavy metal, S: sickle cell disease, T: Thorotrast, O: osteopetrosis, P: Paget's disease, heavy metals, hypervitaminosis D (12 Dec 1998) |
| benign giant lymph node hyperplasia | Solitary masses of lymphoid tissue containing concentric perivascular aggregates of lymphocytes, occurring usually in the mediastinum or hilar region of young adults; similar changes have been reported outside the mediastinum and, if associated with interfollicular sheets of plasma cells, may progress to lymphoma or plasmacytoma. Synonym: angiofollicular mediastinal lymph node hyperplasia, Castleman's disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| giant | 1. A man of extraordinari bulk and stature. "Giants of mighty bone and bold emprise." 2. A person of extraordinary strength or powers, bodily or intellectual. 3. Any animal, plant, or thing, of extraordinary size or power. Giant's Causeway, a vast collection of basaltic pillars, in the county of Antrim on the northern coast of Ireland. Origin: OE. Giant, geant, geaunt, OF. Jaiant, geant, F. Geant, L. Gigas, fr. Gr, from the root of E. Gender, genesis. See Gender, and cf. Gigantic. Like a giant; extraordinary in size, strength, or power; as, giant brothers; a giant son. Giant cell. <anatomy> A very large African heron (Ardeomega goliath). It is the largest heron known. Giant kettle, a pothole of very large dimensions, as found in Norway in connection with glaciers. See Pothole. Giant powder. See Nitroglycerin. <botany> Giant puffball, one of several species of very large squids, belonging to Architeuthis and allied genera. Some are over forty feet long. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| giant axon | <biology> Extraordinarily large unmyelinated axons found in invertebrates. Some, like the squid giant axon, can approach 1 mm diameter. Large axons have high conduction speeds, the giant axons are invariably involved in panic or escape responses and may (e.g. Crayfish) have electrical synapses to further increase speed. Vertebrate axons with high conduction velocites are much narrower: they are myelinated, allowing saltatory conduction. (17 Dec 1997) |
| giant axonal neuropathy | <paediatrics> A rare disorder beginning at or after the third year of life, and presenting clinically with kinky hair, progressive painless clumsiness, muscle weakness and atrophy, sensory loss, and areflexia. Pathologically, both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibres contain axonal spheroids packed with neurofilaments; sporadic in nature. (05 Mar 2000) |
| giant cells, foreign-body | Multinucleated cells (fused macrophages), characteristic of granulomatous inflammation, which form around exogenous material in the skin. They are similar in appearance to langhans giant cells (giant cells, langhans), but foreign-body giant cells have more abundant chromatin and their nuclei are scattered in an irregular pattern in the cytoplasm. (12 Dec 1998) |
| giant cells, langhans | Multinucleated cells (fused macrophages) seen in granulomatous inflammations such as tuberculosis, syphilis, sarcoidosis, and deep fungal infections. They resemble foreign-body giant cells (giant cells, foreign body) but langhans giant cells contain less chromatin and their nuclei are arranged peripherally in a horseshoe-shaped pattern. Langhans giant cells occur frequently in delayed hypersensitivity. (12 Dec 1998) |
| giant chromosome | <cell biology> Giant chromosomes produced by the successive replication of homologous pairs of chromosomes, joined together (synapsed) without chromosome separation or nuclear division. They thus consist of many up to 1000) identical chromosomes (strictly chromatids) running parallel and in strict register. The chromosomes remain visible during interphase and are found in some ciliates, ovule cells in angiosperms and in larval Dipteran tissue. The best known polytene chromosomes are those of the salivary gland of the larvae of Drosophila melanogaster which appear as a series of dense bands interspersed by light interbands, in a pattern characteristic for each chromosome. The bands, of which there are about 5,000 in Drosophila melanogaster, contain most of the DNA (ca 95%) of the chromosomes and each band roughly represents one gene. The banding pattern of polytene chromosomes provides a visible map to compare with the linkage map determined by genetic studies. Some segments of polytene chromosome show chromosome puffs, areas of high transcription. (18 Nov 1997) |
| giant colon | An abnormally large or dilated colon, the condition may be congenital or acquired, acute or chronic. (18 Nov 1997) |
| giant condyloma | A large type of condyloma acuminatum found in the anus, vulva, or preputial sac of the penis of middle-aged, uncircumcised men; it tends to extend deeply and recur. Synonym: Buschke-Lowenstein tumour. (05 Mar 2000) |
| giant drusen | An obsolete term for a glial hamartoma of the optic nerve head or the peripapillary retina, seen in tuberous sclerosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| giant follicular lymphoblastoma | <tumour> A malignant lymphoma arising from lymphoid follicular B-cells which may be small or large, growing in a nodular pattern. Synonym: follicular lymphoma, giant follicular lymphoblastoma. (05 Mar 2000) |
| giant follicular thyroiditis | A variant of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in which lymphocytic infiltrate in thyroid has formed into giant follicles. (05 Mar 2000) |
| giant gastric folds | Enlarged gastric submucosal ridges covered by hyperplastic mucosa, as seen in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Menetrier's disease, and hypertrophic hypersecretory gastropathy. (05 Mar 2000) |