| 영문 | nucleic acid | 한글 | 핵산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 염기, 당, 인산으로 이루어진 뉴클레오티드가 긴 사슬 모양으로 중합된 고분자 물질. 유전이나 단백질 합성을 지배하는 중요한 물질로, 생물의 증식을 비롯한 생명 활동 유지에 중요한 작용을 한다. 구성 당인 오탄당이 리보오스인 리보핵산과 디옥시리보오스인 디옥시리보 핵산으로 나뉜다. 펜토스로서 리보스나 데옥시리보스 어느 한쪽만을 포함하며 전자를 리보핵산(RNA), 후자를 데옥시리보핵산(deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA)이라 부른다. 모두 4종류의 유기염기에 의해 특징지어지며 아데닌, 구아닌 및 시토신은 양자에 공통이다. 티민은 DNA에, 우라실은 RNA에 포함된다. DNA는 주로 핵에 존재하며 형질유전에 그리고 RNA는 세포질속에서 단백질 합성에 관여한다. 섭취된 핵산은 소화관에서 구성분자로까지 가수분해되어 흡수된다. |
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| PAA | partial agonist activity; phenylacetic acid; phosphonoacetic acid; physical abilities analysis; plas... |
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| GABA | Gamma-Amino-Butyric Acid |
| GABA, gaba | gamma-aminobutyric acid |
| GABAT, GABA-T | gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase |
| GABOA | gamma-amino-beta-hydroxybutyric acid |
| gamma-glutamyl carboxylase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the formation of gamma-carboxyglutamyl residues in many proteins, several appearing in the blood clotting cascade. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| gamma-glutamyl cycle | A proposed pathway for the glutathione-dependent transport of certain amino acids (most notably l-cystine, l-methionine, and l-glutamine) and dipeptides into certain cells; this cycle requires the formation of gamma-glutamyl amino acids and gamma-glutamyl dipeptides as well as a protein for the translocation of these di-and triisopeptides into the cells. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the synthesis of pyroglutamate from a gamma-glutamyl-amino acid, also releasing the free amino acid. The enzyme acts on derivatives of glutamate, 2-aminobutyrate, alanine and glycine. The enzyme has been proposed to have a role in a gamma-glutamyl cycle for amino acid transport into cells in the intestines. Chemical name: (5-L-Glutamyl)-L-amino-acid 5-glutamyltransferase (cyclizing) Registry number: EC 2.3.2.4 (12 Dec 1998) |
| gamma-glutamylcysteine | A necessary precursor in the biosynthesis of glutathione; contains an isopeptide rather than a eupeptide bond. Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, an enzyme that catalyses the first step in glutathione biosynthesis, reacting l-glutamate, l-cysteine, and ATP to form gamma-glutamylcysteine, ADP, and orthophosphate; inhibited by thiols such as glutathione. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gamma-glutamyl dipeptidase | <enzyme> Removes glycine from leukotriene d4 to form leukotriene e4 Registry number: EC 3.4.13.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| gamma-glutamylhistamine synthetase | <enzyme> Incorporates histamine or other amines into peptide linkage with glutamate; from aplysia ganglia Registry number: EC 6.3.2.- Synonym: gamma-gha synthetase, gamma-glutamyl amine synthetase, gamma-glutamyl octopamine synthetase, gamma-glutamyl tyramine synthetase (26 Jun 1999) |
| gamma-glutamyl hydrolase | N-Pteroyl-l-glutamate hydrolase;an enzyme cleaving l-glutamyl residues from pteridine oligoglutamates; used in certain antitumour treatments. Synonym: carboxypeptidase G, conjugase, gamma-glutamate (glutamate gamma-) carboxypeptidase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gamma-glutamyltransferase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses reversibly the transfer of a glutamyl group from a glutamyl-peptide and an amino acid to a peptide and a glutamyl-amino acid. It is often elevated above normal in hepatitis and other conditions that cause chemical liver damage. Chemical name: (5-L-Glutamyl)-peptide:amino-acid 5-glutamyltransferase Registry number: EC 2.3.2.2 Acronym: GGT (12 Sep 2002) |
| gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses reversibly the transfer of a glutamyl group from a glutamyl-peptide and an amino acid to a peptide and a glutamyl-amino acid. It is often elevated above normal in hepatitis and other conditions that cause chemical liver damage. Chemical name: (5-L-Glutamyl)-peptide:amino-acid 5-glutamyltransferase Registry number: EC 2.3.2.2 Acronym: GGT (12 Sep 2002) |
| gamma-guanidinobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase | <enzyme> Nad and gamma-guanidinobutyraldehyde yields gamma-guanidinibutyrate and NADH Registry number: EC 1.2.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| gamma-iodopropyleneglycol | An organic form of iodine which slowly liberates iodine in the body after oral administration. Used primarily as an expectorant/mucolytic. Synonym: 3-iodo-1,2-propanediol, gamma-iodopropyleneglycol. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gamma knife | <radiobiology> A special multi-source irradiation machine which focus a high intesity of irradiation on a small area: it is used as local therapy in especially brain tumours. This is investigational and is not part of the routine array of cancer treatments. (16 Dec 1997) |
| gamma-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine | <biochemistry> The tripeptide _ glutamylcysteinylglycine. It contains an unusual peptide linkage between the _ carboxyl group of the glutamate side chain and the amine group of cysteine. The concentration of glutathione in animal cells is _5mM and its sulphydryl group is kept largely in the reduced state. This allows it to act as a sulphydryl buffer, reducing any disulphide bonds formed within cytoplasmic proteins to cysteines. Hence, few, if any, cytoplasmic proteins contain disulphide bonds. Glutathione is also important as a cofactor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, in the uptake of amino acids and participates in leucotriene synthesis. (18 Nov 1997) |
| gamma loop | The reflex arc consisting of small anterior horn cells and neuroma, their small fibres projecting to the intrafusal bundle producing its contraction, which initiates the afferent impulses that pass through the posterior root to the anterior horn cells, inducing a stretch reflex. Synonym: gamma motor neurons, gamma motor system, Granit's loop. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gamma motor neurons | The reflex arc consisting of small anterior horn cells and neuroma, their small fibres projecting to the intrafusal bundle producing its contraction, which initiates the afferent impulses that pass through the posterior root to the anterior horn cells, inducing a stretch reflex. Synonym: gamma motor neurons, gamma motor system, Granit's loop. (05 Mar 2000) |