| glucocorticoids | A group of corticosteroids that affect carbohydrate metabolism (gluconeogenesis, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of blood sugar), inhibit corticotropin secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| glucocorticoids, synthetic | <chemical> Synthetic chemical compounds which increase gluconeogenesis, raising the concentration of liver glycogen and blood sugar, but differ in structure from naturally occurring glucocorticoids. Pharmacological action: steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, topical anti-inflammatory agents. (12 Dec 1998) |
| glucocorticoids, topical | A class of corticosteroids that produces suppression of inflammatory diseases when applied as ointments, lotions, or other topical dosage forms. Penetration of the preparations may be increased by means of occlusive dressings. (12 Dec 1998) |
| glucocorticosteroids | Medications used to decrease swelling around tumours. (16 Dec 1997) |
| glucocorticotrophic | Denoting a principle of the anterior hypophysis that stimulates the production of glucocorticoid hormones of the adrenal cortex; no hormone exerting only this effect has been identified, but ACTH does stimulate adrenal corticoid production. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glucocyamine | HN==C(NH2)NH-CH2COOH; 2-guanidinoacetic acid;formed by the transfer of the amidine group from l-arginine to glycine. Synonym: glucocyamine. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glucofuranose | Glucose in furanose form. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glucogenesis | The making of molecules of the sugar glucose within a living cell from something other than glycogen (a polysaccharide of glucose molecules). (09 Oct 1997) |
| glucogenic | Giving rise to or producing glucose. Synonym: glucoplastic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glucogenic amino acid | <biochemistry> A type of amino acid with carbon chains that can be broken down into an intermediate of the citric acid cycle such as glycogen and then converted into glucose as a means of entering the normal process of carbohydrate metabolism in the body. Examples include: Glycine, alanine, arginine, and ornithine. (14 Oct 1997) |
| glucohemia | An obsolete term for glycaemia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glucoinvertase | A glucohydrolase removing terminal nonreducing 1,4-linked alpha-glucose residues by hydrolysis, yielding alpha-glucose; a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme is associated with glycogen storage disease type II. There are at least five isozymes of maltase. Synonym: glucoinvertase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glucokinase | <enzyme> An enzyme which adds phosphate groups to glucose molecules. It is produced in the liver and is highly specific about targetting glucose as its substrate. (14 Oct 1997) |
| glucokinetic | Tending to mobilise glucose; usually evidenced by a reduction of the glycogen stores in the tissues to produce an increase in the concentration of glucose circulating in the blood. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glucolipid | <biochemistry> A lipid compound which contains the sugar glucose and which is made by living cells. (09 Oct 1997) |