| 영문 | reproductive system | 한글 | 생식기계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 1.남성생식계통: 남성생식기는 정자(sperm)를 생성하는 고환과 정자의 성숙, 운반, 그리고 사정에 관여하는 부고환, 정관, 음경(penis) 등으로 이루어져 있으며, 부속기관으로 외분비샘인 정낭(seminal vesicle), 전립샘(prostate), 요도망물샘(bulbourethral gland, Cowper’s gland) 등을 갖추고 있다. 고환은 정자를 생산하는 생식샘인 동시에 남성호르몬(testosterone)을 분비하는 내분비샘이다. 고환에서 분비되는 남성호르몬은 정자생성과 생식기의 발달 및 유지에 필수적인 역할을 하므로 남성생식기능의 원천은 고환에 있다고 볼 수 있다. 2.여성생식계통: 여성생식기는 난자를 생성하는 난소와 난자를 자궁으로 운반하는 난관, 그리고 자궁과 질로 이루어져 있으며 외분비선인 바르톨린샘를 갖추고 있다. 난소는 난자를 생성하는 생식샘인 동시에 여성호르몬을 분비케하는 내분비샘이다. 월경주기 전반부에 난자를 생성시키기위해 성숙되고 있는 난포에서 분비되는 에스트로겐은 여성 2차 성징의 발달을 관장할 뿐 아니라 자궁내막을 장차 수정될 수정란이 착상하기에 알맞은 상태로 만들어준다. 난자가 분비되고 남은 황체에서 분비되는 푸로게스테론은 자궁내막을 붓도록 하면 분비액을 증가시키며 자궁근의 수축을 방해하여 임신시 임신을 지속시키는 역할을 한다. |
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| 영문 | digestive system | 한글 | 소화기계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 먹은 음식의 분해, 소화, 흡수에 관계된 장기를 통칭해서 부르는 말. |
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| 영문 | nervous system | 한글 | 신경계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 여러 기관들의 서로간 상호연결체계가 바로 신경계이다. 여기에는 중추신경계(central nerve system: CNS)와 말초신경계(peripheral nerve system: PNS)가 있는데, 중추신경계란 뇌와 척수를 말한다. 그리고 말초신경계에는 12쌍의 뇌신경(cranial nerve: 뇌에서 기시하여 주로 얼굴부위와 목 부위에 분포한다)과 31쌍의 척수신경(spinal nerve:spinal cord에서 각기 양쪽으로 쌍을 이루어 나오는데 주로 목이하부위의 신체 각부분으로 분포하게 된다)으로 구성되어 있다. 또한 말초신경계는 3가지의 신경조직들로 구성되어 있는데 앞에서 말한 뇌신경과 척수신경외에 자율신경계가 여기에 해당된다. 자율신경계는 다시 교감신경과 부교감신경으로 나뉘어져 서로간의 올바른 상호작용으로 생체 여러 가지 작용을 수행한다. |
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| 영문 | cardiovascular system | 한글 | 심장혈관계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신체의 혈액순환을 담당하는 기관. 즉 심장과 혈관을 통칭해서 이르는 말이다. |
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| 영문 | autonomic nervous system | 한글 | 자율신경계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 사람의 의지와 관계없이, 침을 흘리거나 소화운동 등과 같은 스스로 조정이 되어 움직이는 신경계이며 여기에는 다음과 같은 두 가지가 있다. 1.교감신경계(sympathetic nervous system)-사람이 위험상태에 이르렀을 경우에 흥분이 되는 자율신경계. 즉 심박수의 증가, 소화기 운동의 감소 등의 일이 이곳을 통해서 일어난다. 교감신경이 흥분되면 교감신경의 말단에서 epinephrine, norepinephrine 등의 물질이 분비되고 이것들에 의해서 말초장기가 변화를 일으킨다. 하지만 장기에 따라서 epinephrine이나 norepinephrine의 수용체를 가지고 있어서 여러 가지 다른 장기의 반응을 볼 수가 있다. 수용체는 다음과 같다. -알파수용체(alpha-receptor): 말초혈관의 수축, 기관지의 수축, 동공의 근육의 수축 -베타1수용체(beta 1-receptor): 심장에 존재하는 수용체, 심장을 빨리 뛰게하는 역할을 한다. -베타2수용체(beta 2-receptor): 혈관의 이완, 기관지의 이완, 즉 각 장기들은 그 장기가 가지고 있는 교감신경의 수용체에 따라 교감신경의 흥분(교감신경 말단에서의 epinephrine의 분비)에 대한 반응이 달라진다(예-교감신경이 흥분시에 beta 1-수용체를 가지고 있는 심장은 빨리 뛰게 된다. 교감신경 흥분시에 동공의 근육이 수축해서 동공의 크기가 커진다) 2.부교감신경계(parasympathetic nervous system)-교감신경과 반대로 작용한다. 즉 사람이 졸리거나 쉴 경우에 흥분한다. 부교감신경이 흥분할 때에는 신경의 말단에서 아세칠콜린의 분비가 일어나고 이것으로 인해서 각 장기의 변화가 일어난다. |
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| CR | calculation rate; calculus removed; calorie-restricted; cardiac rehabilitation; cardiac resuscitatio... |
|---|---|
| LTAS | lead tetra-acetate Schiff |
| MCL | maximum containment laboratory; medial collateral ligament; midclavicular line; midcostal line; mini... |
| Pb | lead [Lat. plumbum]; phenobarbital; presbyopia |
| Pb-B | lead in blood |
| sugar of lead | Has been used as an astringent in diarrhoea, and in aqueous solution as a wet dressing in certain dermatoses. Synonym: sugar of lead. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| de-lead | To cause the mobilization and excretion of lead deposited in the bones and other tissues, as by the administration of a chelating agent. (05 Mar 2000) |
| direct lead | In electrocardiography, a unipolar lead recorded with the exploring electrode placed directly on the surface of the exposed heart. (05 Mar 2000) |
| indirect lead | One of the three original bipolar limb lead's of the clinical electrocardiogram, designated I, II and III: lead I records the potential difference between the right and left arms; lead II the difference between right arm and left leg; and lead III the difference between left arm and left leg. Synonym: indirect lead. (05 Mar 2000) |
| intracardiac lead | The record obtained when the exploring electrode is placed within one of the heart's chambers, usually by means of cardiac catheterization. (05 Mar 2000) |
| oesophageal lead | An electrocardiographic lead passed down the throat into the oesophagus to record the electrocardiogram at various levels of the oesophagus; especially useful for certain types of arrhythmias. Similarly, a transducer for echocardiography can be passed into the oesophagus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| tetraethyl lead | Pb(C2H5)4; tetraethylplumbane;an anti-knock compound added to motor fuel; has a toxic action causing anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, tremors, muscular weakness, insomnia, irritability, nervousness, and anxiety; death may occur. Synonym: lead tetraethyl. (05 Mar 2000) Previous: tetraethylammonium, tetraethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium ionNext: tetraethyl lead, tetraethylmonothionopyrophosphatetetraethyl lead <chemical> Tetraethylplumbane. A highly toxic compound used as a gasoline additive. It causes acute toxic psychosis or chronic poisoning if inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Chemical name: Plumbane, tetraethyl- (12 Dec 1998) |
| ECG lead | An electrocardiographic cable with connections within the electronics of the machine designated for an electrode placed at a particular point on the body surface. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lead | 1. To guide or conduct with the hand, or by means of some physical contact connection; as, a father leads a child; a jockey leads a horse with a halter; a dog leads a blind man. "If a blind man lead a blind man, both fall down in the ditch." (Wyclif (Matt. Xv. 14)) "They thrust him out of the city, and led him unto the brow of the hill." (Luke iv. 29) "In thy right hand lead with thee The mountain nymph, sweet Liberty." (Milton) 2. To guide or conduct in a certain course, or to a certain place or end, by making the way known; to show the way, especially. By going with or going in advance of. Hence, figuratively: To direct; to counsel; to instruct; as, to lead a traveler; to lead a pupil. "The Lord went before them by day in a pillar of a cloud, to lead them the way." (Ex. Xiii. 21) "He leadeth me beside the still waters." (Ps. Xxiii. 2) "This thought might lead me through the world's vain mask. Content, though blind, had I no better guide." (Milton) 3. To conduct or direct with authority; to have direction or charge of; as, to lead an army, an exploring party, or a search; to lead a political party. "Christ took not upon him flesh and blood that he might conquer and rule nations, lead armies, or possess places." (South) 4. To go or to be in advance of; to precede; hence, to be foremost or chief among; as, the big sloop led the fleet of yachts; the Guards led the attack; Demosthenes leads the orators of all ages. "As Hesperus, that leads the sun his way." (Fairfax) "And lo ! Ben Adhem's name led all the rest." (Leigh Hunt) 5. To draw or direct by influence, whether good or bad; to prevail on; to induce; to entice; to allure; as, to lead one to espouse a righteous cause. "He was driven by the necessities of the times, more than led by his own disposition, to any rigor of actions." (Eikon Basilike) "Silly women, laden with sins,led away by divers lusts." (2 Tim. Iii. 6 (Rev. Ver)) 6. To guide or conduct one's self in, through, or along (a certain course); hence, to proceed in the way of; to follow the path or course of; to pass; to spend. Also, to cause (one) to proceed or follow in (a certain course). "That we may lead a quiet and peaceable life." (1 Tim. Ii. 2) "Nor thou with shadowed hint confuse A life that leads melodious days." (Tennyson) "You remember . . . The life he used to lead his wife and daughter." (Dickens) 7. To begin a game, round, or trick, with; as, to lead trumps; the double five was led. To lead astray, to guide in a wrong way, or into error; to seduce from truth or rectitude. To lead captive, to carry or bring into captivity. To lead the way, to show the way by going in front; to act as guide. Origin: OE. Leden, AS. Ldan (akin to OS. Ldian, D. Leiden, G. Leiten,Icel. Lea, Sw. Leda, Dan.lede), properly a causative fr. AS. Lian to go; akin to OHG. La, Icel. La,Goth. Leipan (in comp). Cf. Lode, Loath. 1. <chemistry> One of the elements, a heavy, pliable, inelastic metal, having a bright, bluish colour, but easily tarnished. It is both malleable and ductile, though with little tenacity, and is used for tubes, sheets, bullets, etc. Its specific gravity is 11.37. It is easily fusible, forms alloys with other metals, and is an ingredient of solder and type metal. Atomic weight.4. Symbol Pb (L. Plumbum). It is chiefly obtained from the mineral galena, lead sulphide. 2. An article made of lead or an alloy of lead; as: A plummet or mass of lead, used in sounding at sea. A thin strip of type metal, used to separate lines of type in printing. Sheets or plates of lead used as a covering for roofs; hence, pl, a roof covered with lead sheets or terne plates. "I would have the tower two stories, and goodly leads upon the top." (Bacon) 3. A small cylinder of black lead or plumbago, used in pencils. Black lead, graphite or plumbago,; so called from its leadlike appearance and streak. Coasting lead, a sounding lead intermediate in weight between a hand lead and deep-sea lead. Deep-sea lead, the heaviest of sounding leads, used in water exceeding a hundred fathoms in depth. Hand lead, a small lead use for sounding in shallow water. Krems lead, Kremnitz lead [so called from Krems or Kremnitz, in Austria], a pure variety of white lead, formed into tablets, and called also Krems, or Kremnitz, white, and Vienna white. Lead arming, tallow put in the hollow of a sounding lead. See To arm the lead (below). Lead colic. See Colic. Lead colour, a deep bluish gray colour, like tarnished lead. Lead glance. <medicine> A massive sulphur-yellow oxide of lead. Same as Massicot. Lead pencil, a pencil of which the marking material is graphite (black lead). <botany> Lead plant, crocoite. Sugar of lead, acetate of lead. To arm the lead, to fill the hollow in the bottom of a sounding lead with tallow in order to discover the nature of the bottom by the substances adhering. To cast, or heave, the lead, to cast the sounding lead for ascertaining the depth of water. White lead, hydrated carbonate of lead, obtained as a white, amorphous powder, and much used as an ingredient of white paint. Origin: OE. Led, leed, lead, AS. Lead; akin to D. Lood, MHG. Lot, G. Loth plummet, sounding lead, small weight, Sw. & Dan. Lod. 1. The act of leading or conducting; guidance; direction; as, to take the lead; to be under the lead of another. "At the time I speak of, and having a momentary lead, . . . I am sure I did my country important service." (Burke) 2. Precedence; advance position; also, the measure of precedence; as, the white horse had the lead; a lead of a boat's length, or of half a second. 3. The act or right of playing first in a game or round; the card suit, or piece, so played; as, your partner has the lead. 4. An open way in an ice field. 5. <chemical> A lode. 6. The course of a rope from end to end. 7. <engineering> The width of port opening which is uncovered by the valve, for the admission or release of steam, at the instant when the piston is at end of its stroke. When used alone it means outside lead, or lead for the admission of steam. Inside lead refers to the release or exhaust. 8. <engineering> The distance of haul, as from a cutting to an embankment. 9. The action of a tooth, as a tooth of a wheel, in impelling another tooth or a pallet. Lead angle, the main longitudinal screw of a lathe, which gives the feed motion to the carriage. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| lead acetate | Has been used as an astringent in diarrhoea, and in aqueous solution as a wet dressing in certain dermatoses. Synonym: sugar of lead. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lead anaemia | Anaemia associated with poisoning from lead; thought to result from a defect in synthesis of haemoglobin based on the failure of iron being combined in the porphyrin ring. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lead carbonate | A heavy white powder that is insoluble in water; occasionally, it is used to relieve irritation in dermatitis, but it is used largely in the manufacture of paint and in the arts and is thus productive of lead poisoning. Synonym: ceruse, white lead. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lead chromate | A fine yellow powder used in paints and dyes. Synonym: lead chromate, Leipzig yellow, lemon yellow, Paris yellow. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lead colic | Severe colicky abdominal pain, with constipation, symptomatic of lead poisoning. Synonym: Devonshire colic, painter's colic, Poitou colic, saturnine colic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lead encephalitis | A metabolic encephalopathy, caused by the ingestion of lead compounds and seen particularly in early childhood; it is characterised pathologically by extensive cerebral oedema, status spongiosus, neurocytolysis, and some reactive inflammation; clinical manifestations include convulsions, delirium, and hallucinations. See: lead poisoning. Synonym: lead encephalitis, saturnine encephalopathy. (05 Mar 2000) |