| 영문 | immune system | 한글 | 면역체계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 세포성분 및 분자성분의 복합체계로서, 이의 일차기능은 자기(self)를 비자기(not self)로부터 구별하고 외부생물 또는 물질에 대해 방어하는 것이다. 일차적인 세포성분은 림프구와 큰포식세포이며 일차적인 분자성분은 항체와 림포카인이다. |
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| 영문 | urinary system | 한글 | 비뇨기계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 비뇨기계통이라하면 콩팥으로부터 시작해서 요관, 방광, 요도에 이르는 일련의 오줌생성 및 저장, 배설기관을 일컫는다. 콩팥은 길이 약 2.5cm, 폭 약 5.1cm, 두께 약 2.5cm, 무게 약 120~160gm으로서, 내측에 콩팥문이 있어 혈관, 신경, 요관이 출입하고 있다. 콩팥은 속질과 겉질로 이루어져 있으며 수질은 10~15개의 추체(오줌을 모으는 역할)를 형성하고 겉질은 약 100만개의 콩팥단위으로 구성되어 있다. 요세관은 토리쪽뇨세관, 헨레고리, 먼쪽뇨세관, 집합관으로 형성되어 있으며, 추체와 술잔, 깔때기를 거쳐 요관으로 연결된다. 콩팥은 혈액을 여과하여 신체 신진대사의 최종산물을 오줌의 형태로 배설하며, 세포외액(extracellular fluid)의 전해질농도를 조절한다. 콩팥에서 형성된 오줌는 요관을 거쳐 방광에서 저장되고 있다가 적당한 시기가 되면 요도를 통해 외계로 배출된다. |
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| 영문 | reproductive system | 한글 | 생식기계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 1.남성생식계통: 남성생식기는 정자(sperm)를 생성하는 고환과 정자의 성숙, 운반, 그리고 사정에 관여하는 부고환, 정관, 음경(penis) 등으로 이루어져 있으며, 부속기관으로 외분비샘인 정낭(seminal vesicle), 전립샘(prostate), 요도망물샘(bulbourethral gland, Cowper’s gland) 등을 갖추고 있다. 고환은 정자를 생산하는 생식샘인 동시에 남성호르몬(testosterone)을 분비하는 내분비샘이다. 고환에서 분비되는 남성호르몬은 정자생성과 생식기의 발달 및 유지에 필수적인 역할을 하므로 남성생식기능의 원천은 고환에 있다고 볼 수 있다. 2.여성생식계통: 여성생식기는 난자를 생성하는 난소와 난자를 자궁으로 운반하는 난관, 그리고 자궁과 질로 이루어져 있으며 외분비선인 바르톨린샘를 갖추고 있다. 난소는 난자를 생성하는 생식샘인 동시에 여성호르몬을 분비케하는 내분비샘이다. 월경주기 전반부에 난자를 생성시키기위해 성숙되고 있는 난포에서 분비되는 에스트로겐은 여성 2차 성징의 발달을 관장할 뿐 아니라 자궁내막을 장차 수정될 수정란이 착상하기에 알맞은 상태로 만들어준다. 난자가 분비되고 남은 황체에서 분비되는 푸로게스테론은 자궁내막을 붓도록 하면 분비액을 증가시키며 자궁근의 수축을 방해하여 임신시 임신을 지속시키는 역할을 한다. |
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| 영문 | digestive system | 한글 | 소화기계통 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 먹은 음식의 분해, 소화, 흡수에 관계된 장기를 통칭해서 부르는 말. |
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| 영문 | cardiovascular system | 한글 | 심장혈관계 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신체의 혈액순환을 담당하는 기관. 즉 심장과 혈관을 통칭해서 이르는 말이다. |
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| PNS | Peripheral Nervous System; |
|---|---|
| ANS | acanthion; American Nutrition Society; 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid; anterior nasal spine; ... |
| GANS | granulomatous angiitis of the nervous system |
| NS | natural science; Neosporin; nephrosclerosis; nephrotic syndrome; nervous system; neurological surger... |
| SNS | Senior Nursing Sister; Society of Neurological Surgeons; sympathetic nervous system |
| involuntary nervous system | <anatomy> Neurons that are not under conscious control, comprising two antagonistic components, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system regulates key functions including the activity of the cardiac (heart) muscle, smooth muscles (e.g., of the gut), and glands. The autonomic nervous system has two divisions: 1. The sympathetic nervous system that accelerates the heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and raises blood pressure. 2. The parasympathetic nervous system slows the heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity, and relaxes sphincter muscles. (03 Jul 1999) |
|---|---|
| enteric nervous system | Two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gallbladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation. (12 Dec 1998) |
| coeliac (nervous) plexus | The most substantial, superior portion of the abdominal aortic plexus lying anterior to the aorta at the level of origin of the coeliac trunk (vertebral level T-12); the coeliac ganglia lie within the plexus; it is formed by contributions from the greater splanchnic and vagus (especially the posterior or right vagus) nerves and communicating branches to and from the superior mesenteric and renal plexuses and ganglia; most sympathetic, parasympathetic and visceral afferent fibres serving the abdominal viscera pass through this plexus. Synonym: plexus coeliacus, solar plexus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Henle's nervous layer | The layers of the retina from the outer plexiform to the nerve fibre layer inclusive. Synonym: Henle's nervous layer. (05 Mar 2000) |
| high pressure nervous syndrome | <syndrome> A syndrome of tremors, nausea, dizziness, and decreased motor and mental performance which develops in those who dive deeply (c. 1000 ft) usually breathing a mixture of oxygen and helium. Nitrogen is not a factor as it is in inert gas narcosis. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nervous | 1. Possessing nerve; sinewy; strong; vigorous. "Nervous arms." 2. Possessing or manifesting vigor of mind; characterised by strength in sentiment or style; forcible; spirited; as, a nervous writer. 3. Of or pertaining to the nerves; seated in the nerves; as, nervous excitement; a nervous fever. 4. Having the nerves weak, diseased, or easily excited; subject to, or suffering from, undue excitement of the nerves; easily agitated or annoyed. "Poor, weak, nervous creatures." (Cheyne) 5. Sensitive; excitable; timid. "Our aristocratic class does not firmly protest against the unfair treatment of Irish Catholics, because it is nervous about the land." (M. <anatomy> Arnold) Nervous fever, the specialized coordinating apparatus which endows animals with sensation and volition. In vertebrates it is often divided into three systems: the central, brain and spinal cord; the peripheral, cranial and spinal nerves; and the sympathetic. See Brain, Nerve, Spinal cord, under Spinal, and Sympathetic system. In Appendix. Nervous temperament, a condition of body characterised by a general predominance of mental manifestations. Origin: L. Nervosus sinewy, vigorous: cf. F. Nerveux. See Nerve. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| nervous asthenopia | Asthenopia due to functional or organic nervous disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nervous asthma | Asthma precipitated by psychic stress. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nervous breakdown | Nonmedical term for an emotional or mental illness; often a euphemism for a psychiatric disorder. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nervous colon syndrome | <syndrome> A common gastrointestinal disorder characterised by abdominal pain, bloating, mucous in stools, and irregular bowel habits with alternating diarrhoea and constipation, symptoms that tend to be chronic and wax and wane over the years. Although nervous colon syndrome can cause chronic recurrent discomfort, it appears to be an abnormal condition of gut contractions (motility) and does not lead to any serious organ problems. Diagnosis usually involves excluding other illnesses. Treatment is directed toward relief of symptoms and includes high fibre diet, exercise, relaxation techniques, avoidance of caffeine, milk products and sweeteners, and medications. Alternative names include irritable bowel syndrome, spastic colitis, and mucus colitis. (12 Dec 1998) |
| nervous dyspepsia | Dyspepsia associated with nervousness, tension, or anxiety. Synonym: functional dyspepsia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nervous indigestion | Indigestion caused by emotional upsets or stress. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nervous lobe | The bulbous part of the neurohypophysis attached to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum. It is composed of pituicytes, blood vessels, and terminals of nerve fibres from the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. Synonym: lobus nervosus, nervous lobe. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nervous lobe of hypophysis | The bulbous part of the neurohypophysis attached to the hypothalamus by the infundibulum. It is composed of pituicytes, blood vessels, and terminals of nerve fibres from the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. Synonym: lobus nervosus, nervous lobe. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nervous part of retina | nervous part of retina |