| 영문 | nerve | 한글 | 신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 여러 기관들의 서로간 상호연결체계가 바로 신경계이다. 이러한 신경계는 각 신경세포들에 의해 이루어지고 있으며, 여기에는 중추신경계(central nerve system: CNS)와 말초신경계(peripheral nerve system: PNS)가 있다. 중추신경계란 뇌와 척수를 말하며, 말초신경계는 12쌍의 뇌신경(cranial nerve: 뇌에서 기시하여 주로 얼굴부위와 목 부위에 분포한다)과 31쌍의 척수신경(spinal nerve: spinal cord에서 각기 양쪽으로 쌍을 이루어 나오는데 주로 목이하부위의 신체 각 부분으로 분포하게 된다)으로 구성되어 있다. 또한 말초신경계에는 앞에서 말한 뇌신경과 척수신경외에 자율신경계가 존재한다. 자율신경계는 다시 교감신경과 부교감신경으로 나뉘어져 서로간의 올바른 상호작용으로 몸속에서 여러 가지 작용을 수행한다. |
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| 영문 | nerve cell | 한글 | 신경세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포는 올바른 신경전달을 위한 각 부분별로 나뉘어져 있다. 신경세포에서는 전해져오는 자극을 전기적인 신호로 바뀌어 보내거나 받게 된다. 이런 전기적인 현상은 각 신경세포내에 존재하는 각 이온채널(ion channel: ion이란 나트륨, 칼륨 등을 지칭하는 말들로써, 이들이 세포막에 의해 나뉘어질 때 생기는 전압차가 전기적 자극을 일으키고 유지하는데 결정적인 역할을 한다)들의 작용에 의해 이루어지게 된다. |
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| 영문 | facial nerve | 한글 | 얼굴신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 표정근을 지배하는 큰 운동신경과 작은 중간신경으로 구성된다. 좁은 의미의 얼굴신경과 중간신경으로 이루어지는 혼합신경이다. 속귀신경과 함께 속귓길로 들어가고 그 바닥에서 속귀신경과 갈라져 얼굴신경관으로 들어가, 거의 직각으로 구부러지는 부분을 얼굴신경무릎이라 하며, 여기에 무릎신경마디가 있다. |
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| 영문 | sural nerve | 한글 | 장딴지신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 안쪽장딴지피부신경 및 온장딴지신경의 교통지에서 시작하여 가쪽배쪽피부신경 및 가쪽발꿈치가지의 가지를 낸다. 넙다리 등쪽의 피부, 발꿈치와 발의 가쪽의 피부 및 관절에 분포하며, 일반 감각성 기능을 한다. |
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| 영문 | spinal nerve | 한글 | 척수신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 척수의 앞뿔에서 출발하는 운동신경과 뒷뿔으로 들어오는 감각신경이 합쳐서 형성되는 신경으로서 총 31쌍이 존재함. 목뼈신경이 8쌍, 자등뼈신경이 12쌍, 허리뼈의 신경이 5쌍, 엉치뼈의 6쌍을 이룸. |
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| CRD | carbohydrate-recognition domain; chronic renal disease; chronic respiratory disease; child restraint... |
|---|---|
| IRDS | idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome; infant respiratory distress syndrome |
| LRI | lamina rara interna; lower respiratory [tract] illness; lower respiratory [tract] infection; lymphoc... |
| LRTI | lower respiratory tract illness; lower respiratory tract infection |
| MRV | minute respiratory volume; mixed respiratory vaccine |
| acute respiratory failure | Loss of pulmonary function either acute or chronic that results in hypoxaemia or hypercarbia. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| adult respiratory distress syndrome | <chest medicine, syndrome> A clinical syndrome that includes pulmonary insufficiency. It is a descriptive term that is applied to a variety of diffuse infiltrative processes in the lung. Manifestations include severe shortness of breath, rapid breathing and arterial hypoxaemia (low oxygen). Chest X-ray shows bilateral diffuse infiltrates. Treatment most often includes mechanical respiratory support. Causes include toxic gas (chlorine, NO2, smoke) exposure, severe metabolic derangement, gastric acid aspiration, pancreatitis, sepsis and trauma. Acronym: ARDS (12 Jul 2000) |
| alkalosis, respiratory | A state due to excess loss of carbon dioxide from the body. (12 Dec 1998) |
| anti-allergic and respiratory system agents | A collective term for drugs used to treat allergic reactions as well as those drugs that produce an effect on the respiratory system. (12 Dec 1998) |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus | A pneumovirus causing an emerging disease in young cattle characterised by pneumonia, interstitial pulmonary oedema, and emphysema; sheep are also susceptible to the virus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| rate, respiratory | The number of breaths per minute (or, more formally, the number of movements indicative of inspiration and expiration per unit time). In practice, the respiratory rate is usually determined by counting the number of times the chest rises (or falls) per minute. By whatever means, the aim is to determine if the respirations are normal, abnormally fast (tachypnea), abnormally slow (technically termed bradypnea), or nonexistent (apnea). (12 Dec 1998) |
| Gierke's respiratory bundle | A slender, compact fibre bundle extending longitudinally through the dorsolateral region of the medullary tegmentum, surrounded by the nucleus of the solitary tract, below the obex decussating over the central canal, and descending over some distance into the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord. It is composed of primary sensory fibres that enter with the vagus, glossopharyngeal, and facial nerves, and in part convey information from stretch receptors and chemoreceptors in the walls of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and intestinal tracts; in rostral parts of the tract impulses are generated by the receptor cells of the taste buds in the mucosa of the tongue. Its fibres are distributed to the nucleus of the solitary tract. Synonym: tractus solitarius, fasciculus rotundus, fasciculus solitarius, funiculus solitarius, Gierke's respiratory bundle, Krause's respiratory bundle, round fasciculus, solitary bundle, solitary fasciculus. (05 Mar 2000) |
| region of respiratory mucosa | The area commencing at the vestibule of the nose lined with respiratory mucosa; with the exception of the olfactory mucusa, it includes the entire nasal cavity. Synonym: regio respiratoria tunicae mucosae nasi, respiratory region of tunica mucosa of nose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| virus, respiratory syncytial | A virus that causes mild respiratory infections (colds and coughs) in adults but in young children can produce severe respiratory problems (bronchitis and pneumonia). Effective immunity against rsv requires a continuous solid level of antibodies against the virus. There is particular concern for rsv in premature babies because of their lack of maturity and lack of antibodies. (12 Dec 1998) |
| respiratory | <physiology> Pertaining to respiration. Origin: L. Spirare = to breathe (18 Nov 1997) |
| respiratory acidosis | <biochemistry> A metabolic derangement of acid-base balance where the blood pH is abnormally low. Causes include haemorrhagic shock, cardiogenic shock, severe dehydration, sepsis, toxic ingestion (for example isopropyl alcohol, methanol), alcoholic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, renal failure and diabetic ketoacidosis. Respiratory acidosis will occur if the lungs are not ventilating properly resulting in an excess of carbon dioxide in the body. (25 Jun 1999) |
| respiratory airway | That part of the airway where interchange of gases occurs; it includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, sacs, and alveoli. (05 Mar 2000) |
| respiratory alkalosis | The alkalosis resulting from abnormal loss of CO2 produced by hyperventilation, either active or passive, with concomitant reduction in arterial plasma bicarbonate concentration. See: compensated alkalosis. Synonym: acapnial alkalosis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| respiratory apparatus | The organs that are involved in breathing. These include the nose, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. (12 Dec 1998) |
| respiratory arrhythmia | Phasic sinus arrhythmia or any other rhythm fluctuation induced by respiratory fluctuation. (05 Mar 2000) |