| 영문 | glia cell | 한글 | 아교세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 신경세포 사이에서 그물구조를 이루며 이를 지지하는 조직. 신경아교세포는 신경모세포와 갈라진 아교모세포가 다시 여러 형태로 분화-성장한 것이다. 뇌실이나 척수중심관의 벽을 덮고 원주상 또는 입방형이며, 초기에는 유리면에 섬모가 있다. 대형세포는 별뇌실막세포는 아교세포라고 하며, 신경세포나 신경섬유 사이에 산재한다. 그 외에 희소돌기아교세포도 포함된다. |
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| 영문 | reserve cell | 한글 | 예비세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 일반적으로 상피조직에서 이미 있던 상피세포가 손상을 받아 사멸하면 매꿔지는 그 밑에 있는 미분화세포 예를 들면, 기관지 내표면을 덮는 중층 원주 상피의 기저에 있는 작은 미분화 상피 세포. |
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| 영문 | stem cell | 한글 | 줄기세포, 간세포 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 자기 복제를 하여 자신을 존속시키면서 한편으로는 증식과 분화를 하여 새로운 세포를 형성하는 세포로서 조혈줄기세포가 대표적이다. 조혈줄기세포는 골수에 있는 세포로서 모든 혈구세포가 여기에서 분화되어 발생한다. |
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| 영문 | renal cell carcinoma | 한글 | 콩팥세포암종 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 콩팥에 생긴 원시콩팥조직에서 발생한 암. 주로 원시세뇨관조직에서 발생한다. 대표적인 세포조직형은 염색시 세포질이 맑게 비어보이는 맑은세포암종이다. 치료는 수술과 항암화학요법이며 아주 드물지만 저절로 낫는 경우도 있는 것으로 보고되어 있다. |
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| 영문 | squamous cell carcinoma | 한글 | 편평세포암종 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 편평세포 기원의 암으로서, 편평세포가 있는 어떤 곳에서든 발생가능함. 따라서 식도암, 피부암, 폐암, 자궁암 등이 여기에 해당된다. 특히 피부암은 많은 자외선조사에 의해 생기는 광선각화증에서 발생가능하다. 병리조직학적 특성으로서 각질을 생성한다. |
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| PAF | paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; peroxisomal assembly factor; phosphodiesterase-activating factor; pl... |
|---|---|
| TF | free thyroxine; tactile fremitus; tail flick [reflex]; temperature factor; testicular feminization; ... |
| NG | nasogastric; neoplastic growth; new growth; nitroglycerin; nodose ganglion; no growth; not given |
| ACC | accommodation; acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase; acinic cell carcinoma; acute care center; adenoid cyst... |
| DF | decapacitation factor; decontamination factor; deferoxamine; deficiency factor; defined flora [anima... |
| insulin-like growth-factor-binding proteins | A family of soluble proteins that bind insulin-like growth factors and modulate their biological actions at the cellular level. (int j gynaecol obstet 1992;39(1):3-9) (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| insulin-like growth factor I | <chemical> A well-characterised basic peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the blood. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like, and mitogenic activities. This growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on somatotropin. It is believed to be mainly active in adults in contrast to insulin-like growth factor II, which is a major foetal growth factor. Chemical name: Insulin-like growth factor I (12 Dec 1998) |
| insulin-like growth factor II | <chemical> A well-characterised neutral peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the blood. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like and mitogenic activities. The growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on somatotropin. It is believed to be a major foetal growth factor in contrast to insulin-like growth factor I, which is a major growth factor in adults. Chemical name: Insulin-like growth factor II (12 Dec 1998) |
| transforming growth factor | <growth factor> Proteins secreted by transformed cells that can stimulate growth of normal cells. Unfortunate misnomer, since they induce aspects of transformed phenotype, such as growth in semi solid agar, but do not actually transform. Transforming growth factor alpha, 50 amino acid polypeptide originally isolated from viral transformed rodent cells, contains EGF like domain and binds to EGF receptor. Stimulates growth of microvascular endothelial cells, i.e. Is angiogenic. Transforming growth factor beta a homodimer of two 112 chains, polypeptide is secreted by many different cell types, stimulates wound healing but in vitro is also a growth inhibitor for certain cell types. The transforming growth factor family includes many of the bone morphogenetic proteins. Acronym: TGF (18 Nov 1997) |
| transforming growth factor alpha | Factor isolated in a variety of tissues including epithelium, and maternal decidua. It is closely related to epidermal growth factor (epidermal growth factor-urogasterone) and binds to the egf receptor. Tgf-alpha acts synergistically with tgf-beta in inducing phenotypic transformation, but its physiological role is unknown. (12 Dec 1998) |
| transforming growth factor beta | Factor synthesised in a wide variety of tissues including platelets, placenta, and both normal and transformed cell lines. It acts synergistically with tgf-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. Tgf-beta also has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. There are at least three forms of tgf-beta: tgf-beta1, tgf-beta2, and tgf-beta1.2. The latter is a heterodimer made up of both tgf-beta1 and tgf-beta2. (12 Dec 1998) |
| endothelium-derived growth factor synthase | <enzyme> Converts l-arginine to a smooth muscle relaxing factor and stimulates the formation of cyclic-GMP Registry number: EC 1.5.1.- Synonym: edrf synthase (26 Jun 1999) |
| epidermal growth factor | <growth factor> A mitogenic polypeptide initially isolated from male mouse submaxillary gland. The name refers to the early bioassay, but epidermal growth factor is active on a variety of cell types, especially but not exclusively epithelial. Human equivalent originally named urogastrone owing to its hormone activity. Acronym: EGF (18 Nov 1997) |
| epidermal growth factor receptor protein-tyrosine kinase | <enzyme> The catalytic protein-tyrosine kinase domain found on the cytoplasmic beta-portion of epidermal growth factor receptor. Registry number: EC 2.7.1.- (12 Dec 1998) |
| epidermal growth factor-urogastrone | <chemical> Single chain, nonhelical, acidic polypeptides of about 52 amino acids found in most mammals. Epidermal growth factor and urogastrone are not identical but seem to share biological acivities. They promote growth of, and cell proliferation in, certain tissues, especially epidermal structures and inhibit acid secretion by the stomach. They have been used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers. Chemical name: Epidermal growth factor (12 Dec 1998) |
| keratinocyte growth factor | <growth factor> A growth factor structurally related to fibroblast growth factor. (18 Nov 1997) |
| fibroblast growth factor | <growth factor> Acidic fibroblast growth factor (alpha FGF, HBGF 1) and basic FGF (beta FGF, HBGF 2) are the two founder members of a family of structurally related growth factors for mesodermal or neuroectodermal cells. Synonym: heparin binding growth factor. Acronym: FGF (18 Nov 1997) |
| fibroblast growth factor, acidic | <chemical> A growth factor which has been isolated from a variety of cells. It contains 154 amino acid residues and has potent heparin-binding activity. Heparin potentiates the biological activities of afgf. The growth factor is an extremely potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of normal diploid mammalian cell types from mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages and also has chemotactic and mitogenic activities. Chemical name: Fibroblast growth factor (human brain acidic protein moiety reduced) (12 Dec 1998) |
| fibroblast growth factor, basic | A single-chain polypeptide of approximately 15-16 kD which has been isolated from a variety of cells. It has a 55% amino acid residue identity to acidic fibroblast growth factor and has potent heparin-binding activity. However, in contrast to the acidic fibroblast growth factor, heparin does not potentiate the biological activities of bfgf. The growth factor is an extremely potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of normal diploid mammalian cell types from mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages and promotes cellular differentiation in vitro. (12 Dec 1998) |
| fibroblast growth factor receptor | Family of receptor tyrosine kinases for fibroblast growth factor. (18 Nov 1997) |