| 영문 | acid | 한글 | 산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 물에 녹았을 때 이온화하여 수소 이온을 만드는 물질. 신맛이 나고 청색 리트머스 종이를 붉게 변화시키며 염기와의 중화 반응에 의하여 물과 염을 만들고 이온화 열에서 수소보다 앞에 있는 금속과 반응하여 염을 만들면서 수소를 발생시킨다. 수소 원자를 이온화하는 힘의 강약에 따라 강산과 약산으로 나뉜다. |
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| 영문 | acetic acid | 한글 | 아세트산, 초산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 분자식은 C2H4O2, 분자량 60.05의 저급 지방산이다. CH3COOH의 구조식을 가진 무색액체로 16.7℃에서 녹고 118.0℃에서 끓는다. 식초의 신맛을 내는 것이고, 농축된 것을 빙초산이라 한다. 상온에서는 액체이며 수용액은 약산성이다. 생체내에서는 일반적으로 아세틸 CoA로 존재하며 아세틸기의 공급원이 되는 외에 지방산이나 스테로이드 등의 생성재료로 중요하다. 아세틸 CoA로부터는 케톤체가 합성되며 조직의 에너지원이 된다. |
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| 영문 | acetylsalicylic acid | 한글 | 아세틸살리실산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 상품명이 아스피린(asprin)인 약. 대표적인 비스테로이드 항염약이다. 즉 항염증(anti-inflammatory), 진통(analgesis), 해열(anti-pyretic)의 효과가 모두 뛰어나지만 위장장애, 과다호흡, 라이증후군(Reye syndrome) 등의 부작용이 있다. |
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| 영문 | uric acid | 한글 | 요산 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 결정성의 산. 2, 6, 8-trioxypurine. 화학식은 C5H4N4O3로 사람과 동물의 오줌에서 얻을 수 있다. 핵의 대사산물의 하나. 물, 알콜, 에테르(ether)에는 거의 녹지 않으나 알칼리염의 용액에는 녹는다. 이것의 나트륨염 형태(sodium urate)가 결석의 대부분을 차지한다. 급성백혈병 치료 초기단계와 통풍(Gout)에서 혈중요산이 급격히 오를 수 있다. |
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| 영문 | acid-fast bacillus | 한글 | 항산막대균, 항산균 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 아닐린 색소에 염색되기 힘드나 일단 염색되면 강산으로 처리하여도 탈색되지 아니하는 세균을 통틀어 이르는 말. 결해균, 나병균 따위가 있다. |
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| NAP | nasion, point A, pogonion [convexity or concavity of the facial profile]; nerve action potential; ne... |
|---|---|
| NBP | needle biopsy of prostate; neoplastic brachial plexopathy; nucleic acid binding protein |
| PA | panic attack; pantothenic acid; paralysis agitans; paranoia; passive aggressive; pathology; patient'... |
| DI | date of injury; defective interfering [particle]; dentinogenesis imperfecta; deoxyribonucleic acid i... |
| AA | abdominal aorta; acetic acid; achievement age; active alcoholic; active assistive [range of motion];... |
| addictive drug | Any drug that creates a certain degree of euphoria and has a strong potential for addiction. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| adverse drug reaction reporting systems | Systems developed for collecting reports from government agencies, manufacturers, hospitals, physicians, and other sources on adverse drug reactions. (12 Dec 1998) |
| akathisia, drug-induced | Motor restlessness with sensations of quivering and an urge to move about constantly resulting from the use of certain drugs, such as neuroleptic drugs, which affect the extrapyramidal region of the brain. This differs from dyskinesia, drug-induced in that long-term antipsychotic drug exposure is significantly correlated with the increased prevalence of akathisia while there is no such correlation with dyskinesia. The primary observable distinction between tardive akathisia and dyskinesia appears to be in the repetitive, stereotypy of the dyskinesic movements (lip smacking, for example), while akathisia is associated with anxiety, restlessness, and agitation (psychomotor agitation). (12 Dec 1998) |
| antineoplastic drug | A drug that stops or slows the maturation and spread of tumour cells (benign or malignant). (09 Oct 1997) |
| maintenance drug therapy | In chemotherapy, systematic dosage at a level that maintains protection against exacerbation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| rational drug design | <pharmacology> Modeling the molecular structure of the target of a drug, for example, an antigen, and then designing a drug that will attack it. (17 Dec 1997) |
| receptors, drug | Proteins that bind specific drugs with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behaviour of cells. Drug receptors are generally thought to be receptors for some endogenous substance not otherwise specified. (12 Dec 1998) |
| recreational drug | A controlled substance taken for non-medical purposes. Street drugs comprise various amphetamines, anaesthetics, barbiturates, opiates, and psychoactive drugs, and many are derived from natural sources (e.g., the plants Papaver somniferum, Cannibis sativa, Amanita pantherina, Lophophora williamsii). Slang names include acid (lysergic acid diethylamide), angel dust (phencyclidine), coke (cocaine), downers (barbiturates), grass (marijuana), hash (concentrated tetrahydrocannibinol), magic mushrooms (psilocybin), mescaline (peyote), speed (amphetamines). During the 1980s, a new class of "designer drugs" arose, mostly analogs of psychoactive substances intended to escape regulation under the Controlled Substances Act. Also, crack cocaine, a potent, smokable form of cocaine, emerged as a major public health problem. In the U.S. Illicit use of drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, and heroin historically has occurred in cycles. Synonym: recreational drug. (05 Mar 2000) |
| peak plasma drug concentration | <pharmacology> The highest level of drug that can be obtained in the blood usually following multiple doses. (09 Oct 1997) |
| chemotherapy drug sensitivity test | <investigation> A test to assess a cancerous tissue's response and vulnerability to chemotherapy drugs. This test can help predict a patients response to treatment and suggest which drugs may be useful. (16 Dec 1997) |
| metabolic detoxication, drug | Reduction of pharmacologic activity or toxicity of a drug or other foreign substance by a living system, usually by enzymatic action. It includes those metabolic transformations that make the substance more soluble for faster renal excretion. (12 Dec 1998) |
| multiple drug resistant tuberculosis | A strain of TB that does not respond to two or more standard anti-TB drugs. MDR-TB usually occurs when treatment is interrupted thus allowing mutations in the organism to occur that confer drug resistance. (09 Oct 1997) |
| crude drug | Any raw or unrefined medicinal compound in its natural form, especiallyone taken from a plant. (09 Oct 1997) |
| prescription drug | A drug requiring a prescription, a physician's order. By comparison with an over-the-counter drug. (12 Dec 1998) |
| prescriptions, drug | Directions written for the preparation and adminstration of a drug. (12 Dec 1998) |