| Alder, Albert von | <person> See: Alder's anomaly, Alder bodies. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| aldicarb | <chemical> A colourless, water-insoluble, sulphur-containing chemical that is used as an insecticide and to kill nematode worms. (06 May 1997) |
| aldimine | The reaction of a primary amine with an aldehyde or ketone yields an imine sometimes called a Schiff base. When an arylamine is used the Schiff base may form an intermediate in a staining reaction, for example for polysaccharides. (18 Nov 1997) |
| alditol | The polyalcohol derived by reduction of an aldose; e.g., sorbitol. See: aldose reductase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldobiuronic acid | Condensation products of an aldose and a uronic acid; such groupings occur among the components of various mucopolysaccharides, notably hyaluronic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldocortin | <endocrinology, hormone> A steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, that controls salt and water balance in the kidney. Abnormally high levels of this hormone cause sodium retention, high blood pressure, heart rhythum irregularities and possibly paralysis (18 Nov 1997) |
| aldohexose | A 6-carbon sugar characterised by the (potential) presence of an aldehyde group in the molecule; e.g., glucose, galactose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldoketomutase | <enzyme> An enzyme that catalyses the interconversion of methylglyoxal and lactate, with glutathione serving as a coenzyme. Chemical name: S-Lactoyl-glutathione methylglyoxal-lyase (isomerizing) Registry number: EC 4.4.1.5 (12 Dec 1998) |
| aldol | See: aldol condensation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldol condensation | Formation of an aldol (a beta-hydroxy carbonyl compound) from two carbonyl compounds; the reverse reaction is an aldol cleavage; fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase catalyses such a reaction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldolase | <biochemistry, enzyme> In glycolysis, aldolase is responsible for cleaving fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into two3-carbon molecules, dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.This is done via the formation of a protonated Schiff base at a specificlysine residue. (06 May 1997) |
| aldonate lactonohydrolase | <enzyme> Hydrolyzes aldonate lactones to aldonic acids; also acts on aromatic lactones such as dihydrocoumarin and homogentisic-acid lactone Registry number: EC 3.1.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| aldonic acids | Monosaccharide derivatives in which the aldehyde group has been oxidised to a carboxyl group. They may form lactones (e.g., galactonic acid). Synonym: glyconic acids. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldopentose | A monosaccharide with five carbon atoms, of which one is a (potential) aldehyde group; e.g., ribose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| aldoril | <drug> A drug combination of methyldopa and hydrochlorothiazide, for the treatment of high blood pressure. (09 Oct 1997) |