| albinism, ocular | Albinism affecting the eye in which pigment of the hair and skin is normal or only slightly diluted. The classic type is x-linked (nettleship-falls), but an autosomal recessive form also exists. Ocular abnormalities may include reduced pigmentation of the iris, nystagmus, photophobia, strabismus, and decreased visual acuity. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| albinism, oculocutaneous | Heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders comprising at least four recognised types, all having in common varying degrees of hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes. The two most common are the tyrosinase-positive and tyrosinase-negative types. (12 Dec 1998) |
| albino | <dermatology> A person, whether negro, Indian, or white, in whom by some defect of organization the substance which gives colour to the skin, hair, and eyes is deficient or in a morbid state. An albino has a skin of a milky hue, with hair of the same colour, and eyes with deep red pupil and pink or blue iris. The term is also used of the lower animals, as white mice, elephants, etc.; and of plants in a whitish condition from the absence of chlorophyll. The term was originally applied by the Portuguese to negroes met with on the coast of Africa, who were mottled with white spots. Origin: Sp. Or Pg. Albino, orig. Whitish, fr. Albo white, L. Albus. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| albinotic | Pertaining to albinism. (05 Mar 2000) |
| albinuria | The passing of pale or white urine of low specific gravity, as in chyluria. Synonym: albinuria. Origin: L. Albidus, whitish, + G. Ouron, urine (05 Mar 2000) |
| Albinus' muscle | <anatomy, muscle> Origin, from platysma and fascia of masseter; insertion, orbicularis oris and skin at corner of mouth; action, draws angle of mouth laterally, lenghthening rima oris; nerve supply, facial. Synonym: musculus risorius, Albinus' muscle, Santorini's muscle. Origin: L. Risor, a laughter, fr. Rideo, pp. Risus, to laugh (05 Mar 2000) |
| Albinus, Bernhard | <person> German anatomist and surgeon, 1697-1770. See: Albinus' muscle. (05 Mar 2000) |
| albite | <chemical> A mineral of the feldspar family, triclinic in crystallization, and in composition a silicate of alumina and soda. It is a common constituent of granite and of various igneous rocks. See Feldspar. Origin: L. Albus white. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| albocinereous | Relating to both the white and the gray matter of the brain or spinal cord. Origin: L. Albus, white, + cinereus, ashen, fr. Cinis (ciner-), ashes (05 Mar 2000) |
| albolabrin | <protein> Peptides found in the venoms of various snakes of the viper family, that inhibit the function of some integrins of the _1 and _3 classes. They were first identified as inhibitors of platelet aggregation and were subsequently shown to bind with high affinity to integrins and to block the interaction of integrins with RGD containing proteins for example they block the binding of the platelet integrin _IIb_3 to fibrinogen. Disintegrins are effective inhibitors at molar concentrations 500-2000x lower than short RGDX peptides. They are cysteine rich peptides ranging from 45 to 84 amino acids in length and almost all of them have a conserved RGD sequence on a _ turn, presumed to be the site that binds to integrins. The assumption is that their biological role in the venom is to inhibit blood clotting. Found in many snake species, where they are called variously albolabrin, applagin, batroxostatin, bitistatin, echistatin, elegantin, flavouridin, halysin, kistrin, triflavin and trigramin. (18 Nov 1997) |
| Albrecht's bone | A small bone between the basioccipital and basisphenoid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Albrecht, Karl | <person> German anatomist, 1851-1894. See: Albrecht's bone. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Albright's disease | <syndrome> The abnormal development of multiple bones, hormonal disorder and brownish skin lesions. (27 Sep 1997) |
| Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy | An inherited form of hyperparathyroidism associated with ectopic calcification and ossification and skeletal defects, notably the small fourth metacarpals, but intelligence is normal. There are dominant, recessive and X-linked forms. See: pseudohypoparathyroidism. Synonym: Albright's syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Albright's syndrome | <syndrome> A condition of cystic bone growth that results from abnormal bone development. May occur with bone lesions, skin pigmentation and endocrine abnormalities. See: McCune-Albright syndrome. (27 Sep 1997) |