| volatile fatty acid number | An index of the volatile acid content of a fat; the number of milliliters of 0.1 n KOH required to neutralise the soluble volatile fatty acids in 5 g of fat that has been saponified, acidified to liberate the fatty acids, and then steam-distilled. Synonym: volatile fatty acid number. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| glyceric acid | HOCH2-CHOH-COOH;the fatty acid analog of glycerol; occurs particularly in the form of phosphorylated derivatives, as an intermediate in glycolysis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| mefenamic acid | <chemical> A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent used in painful and inflammatory conditions, and in menstrual disorders. It has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties; it is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. Pharmacological action: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Chemical name: Benzoic acid, 2-((2,3-dimethylphenyl)amino)- (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycerophosphoric acid | A phosphoric ester of glycerol. See: glycerol phosphate. (05 Mar 2000) |
| pelargonic acid | CH3(CH2)7COOH;used in the manufacture of lacquers and plastics; produced in the oxidative cleavage of oleic acid. Synonym: n-nonanoic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glycochenodeoxycholic acid | <chemical> N-(3 alpha,7 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oyl)glycine. A bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilise fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is a cholagogue and choleretic. Pharmacological action: cholagogues and choleretics. Chemical name: Glycine, N-((3alpha,5beta,7alpha)-3,7-dihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl)- (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycocholic acid | <chemical> N-cholylglycine. Bile salt, conjugate of cholate and glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilise fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic. Pharmacological action: cholagogues and choleretics. Chemical name: Glycine, N-((3alpha,5beta,7alpha,12alpha)-3,7,12-trihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl)- (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycodeoxycholic acid | <chemical> N-(3 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oyl)glycine. A bile salt formed in the liver by conjugation of deoxycholate with glycine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilise fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic. Pharmacological action: cholagogues and choleretics. Chemical name: Glycine, N-((3alpha,5beta,12alpha)-3,12-dihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-yl)- (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycolic acid | <biochemistry> Hydroxyacetic acid, found in young plants and green fruits. Glycolate is formed from ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate in a seemingly wasteful side reaction of photosynthesis, known as photorespiration. (18 Nov 1997) |
| glycolic acid dehydrogenase | <enzyme> Enzyme from human liver converts glycolate to oxalate, acceptor not identified, not oxygen; free glyoxylate is not an intermediate Registry number: EC 1.1.- (26 Jun 1999) |
| cephalosporanic acid | The basic chemical nucleus upon which cephalosporin antibiotic derivatives are based. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glycuronic acid | <biochemistry> The uronic acid of a sugar in which the terminal carbon is oxidised to a carboxyl group. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glycyrrhetinic acid | <chemical> 3-beta-hydroxy-11-oxoolean-12-en-30-oic acid. A product from glycyrrhiza glabra l. Leguminosae with some antiallergic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. It is used topically for allergic or infectious skin inflammation and orally for its aldosterone effects in electrolyte regulation. Pharmacological action: anti-inflammatory agent, topical. Chemical name: Olean-12-en-29-oic acid, 3-hydroxy-11-oxo-, (3beta,20beta)- (12 Dec 1998) |
| glycyrrhizic acid | <chemical, drug> A widely used anti-inflammatory agent isolated from the licorice root. It is metabolised to glycyrrhetic acid, which inhibits 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and other enzymes involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids. Therefore, glycyrrhizic acid, which is the main and sweet component of licorice, has been investigated for its ability to cause hypermineralocorticoidism with sodium retention and potassium loss, oedema, increased blood pressure, as well as depression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Pharmacological action: anti-infective agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, antifungal agents, antiviral agents. Chemical name: alpha-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid, (3 beta,20 beta)-20-carboxy-11-oxo-30-norolean-12-en-3-yl 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl- (12 Dec 1998) |
| penicillanic acid | <chemical> 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid. A building block of penicillin, devoid of significant antibacterial activity. Pharmacological action: penicillins. Chemical name: 4-Thia-1-azabicyclo(3.2.0)heptane-2-carboxylic acid, 3,3-dimethyl-7-oxo-, (2S-cis)- (12 Dec 1998) |