| vitamin A1 acid | <biochemistry> The aldehyde (retinal) has long been known to be involved in photoreception, but retinoic acid has other roles. There are cytoplasmic retinoic acid binding proteins and retinoic acid response elements that regulate gene transcription. Retinoic acid is thought to be a morphogen in chick limb bud development and in early development of the chick that probably accounts for its potent teratogenic action. Synonym: vitamin A. (03 Jul 1999) |
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| glucogenic amino acid | <biochemistry> A type of amino acid with carbon chains that can be broken down into an intermediate of the citric acid cycle such as glycogen and then converted into glucose as a means of entering the normal process of carbohydrate metabolism in the body. Examples include: Glycine, alanine, arginine, and ornithine. (14 Oct 1997) |
| gluconic acid | <biochemistry> An acid with the chemical formula C6H12O7. at room temperature, it is a colourless crystal, it melts at 131 degrees Celsius. It can be made by the oxidation of glucose. It will dissolve in water and alcohols. It is used in pharmaceuticals and some food products, as a cleanser, and as a catalyst in textile printing. (09 Oct 1997) |
| cellular retinoic acid binding protein | <protein> A cytoplasmic fatty acid binding protein that acts as an initial receptor for the putative morphogen, retinoic acid. (18 Nov 1997) |
| cellulosic acid | See: oxidised cellulose. (05 Mar 2000) |
| repetitive sequences, nucleic acid | Nucleotide sequences present in multiple copies in the genome. They include direct, inverted, tandem, and terminal repeat sequences and the alu family repeat (named for the restriction endonuclease cleavage enzyme alu I). (12 Dec 1998) |
| pectic acid | The d-isomer is an oxidation product of d-galactose, in which the 6-CH2OH group has become a -COOH group; occurs in many natural products (e.g., pectins). Synonym: pectic acid. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glucuronic acid | <biochemistry> A glucose molecule which has had its sixth carbon atom (of six total) oxidized. It has the chemical formula C6H10O7. (09 Oct 1997) |
| glutaconic acid | HOOCCH2CH==CHCOOH;dicarboxylic acid that accumulates in individuals with glutaric acidemia type I. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glutamic acid | <amino acid> One of the 20 _ amino acids commonly found in proteins. Plays a central role in amino acid metabolism, acting as precursor of glutamine, proline and arginine. Also acts as amino group donor in synthesis by transamination of alanine from pyruvate and aspartic acid from oxaloacetate. Glutamate is also a neurotransmitter, the product of its decarboxylation is the inhibitory neurotransmitter amino butyrate (GABA). (18 Nov 1997) |
| glutamic acid dehydrogenases | Enzymes that catalyze the reaction of l-glutamate, H2O, and NAD+ (or NADP+ in some cases) producing alpha-ketoglutarate (2-oxoglutarate), ammonia, and NADH; in mammals, this is the prime contributor to oxidative deamination. Synonym: glutamic acid dehydrogenases. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glutamic acid hydrochloride | A gastric acidifier alleged to aid in digestion; also used for gastric HCl replacement therapy. (05 Mar 2000) |
| glutaric acid | <biochemistry> A chemical intermediate in the metabolism of the amino acids lysine and tryptophan which has the chemical formula C5H8O4. It is found in green sugar beets and in water extracted from wool. (09 Oct 1997) |
| glutarylamidocephalosporanic acid acylase | <enzyme> Pseudomonas enzyme; forms 7-aminocephalosporanic acid Registry number: EC 3.5.1.- Synonym: gl-7aca acylase, 7 beta-(4-carboxybutanamido)cephalosporanic acid acylase (26 Jun 1999) |
| volatile fatty acid number | An index of the volatile acid content of a fat; the number of milliliters of 0.1 n KOH required to neutralise the soluble volatile fatty acids in 5 g of fat that has been saponified, acidified to liberate the fatty acids, and then steam-distilled. Synonym: volatile fatty acid number. (05 Mar 2000) |