| dystonia, segawa's | An important variant of dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD), a condition successfully treated with drugs. Typically, DRD begins in childhood or adolescence with progressive difficulty in walking and, in some cases, spasticity. In Segawa's dystonia, the symptoms fluctuate during the day from relative mobility in the morning to increasingly worse disability in the afternoon and evening as well as after exercise. (12 Dec 1998) |
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| dystonia, torsion | A form of dystonia known as early-onset torsion dystonia (also called idiopathic or generalised torsion dystonia) begins in childhood around the age of 12. Symptoms typically start in one part of the body, usually in an arm or leg, and eventually spread to the rest of the body within about 5 years. Early-onset torsion dystonia is not fatal, but it can be severely debilitating. most children with the disorder are unable to perform the simplest of motor tasks and are confined to a wheelchair by the time they reach adulthood. (12 Dec 1998) |
| dystonia, writer's cramp | A dystonia that affects the muscles of the hand and sometimes the forearm and only occurs during handwriting. Similar focal dystonias have also been called typist's cramp, pianist's cramp, musician's cramp, and golfer's cramp. (12 Dec 1998) |
| dystonic | Pertaining to dystonia. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dystonic reaction | <pharmacology> Prolonged muscle contractions that may cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal posture. May occur in the form of rhythmic jerks. Can be seen as a side effect from antipsychotic medications and drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. (27 Sep 1997) |
| dystonic torticollis | A disorder of unknown cause, manifested as a restricted dystonia, localised to some of the neck muscles, especially the sternomastoid and trapezius; occurs in adults and tends to progress slowly; the head movements increase with standing and walking and decrease with contractual stimuli, e.g., touching the chin or neck. Synonym: dystonic torticollis, rotatory spasm, rotatory tic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dystopia | Faulty or abnormal position of a part or organ. Synonym: allotopia, malposition. Origin: dys-+ G. Topos, place (05 Mar 2000) |
| dystopic | Pertaining to, or characterised by, dystopia. See: ectopic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dystroglycan | <protein> Complex composed of two proteins and dystroglycans (formerly known as 156DAG and 43DAG / A3a respectively) derived from a single precursor by proteolytic cleavage. Dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein that associates with dystrophin in the cytoplasm and dystroglycan, an extracellular glycoprotein, on the exterior face. Dystroglycan binds to merosin, thus linking actin through dystrophin and dystroglycan to the extracellular matrix. Also associates with sarcoglycan. Dystrophin deficiency leads to a deficiency in the appearance of these proteins on the sarcolemma, even though they are not themselves defective. (18 Nov 1997) |
| dystrophia | <pathology> Any disorder arising from defective or faulty nutrition, especially the muscular dystrophies. Origin: L. Dystrophia, Gr. Trephein = to nourish (18 Nov 1997) |
| dystrophia adiposogenitalis | A disorder characterised primarily by obesity and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in adolescent boys; dwarfism is rare, and when present is thought to reflect hypothyroidism. Visual loss, behavioural abnormalities, and diabetes insipidus may occur. Frohlich's syndrome often is used synonymously for this disorder, although the original case involved a pituitary tumour; most cases are thought to result from hypothalamic dysfunction in areas regulating appetite and gonadal development. The most common causes are pituitary and hypothalamic neoplasms. Synonym: adiposis orchica, adiposogenital degeneration, adiposogenital dystrophy, adiposogenital syndrome, hypophysial syndrome, hypothalamic obesity with hypogonadism. Origin: L. Fr. G. Dys-, bad, + trophe, nourishment (05 Mar 2000) |
| dystrophia brevicollis | A condition marked by symptoms of dystrophia adiposogenitalis together with a deforming shortness of the neck, but without synostosis of the cervical vertebrae seen in Klippel-Feil syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dystrophia myotonica | <neurology> An inherited human neuromuscular disease classed as an autosomal dominant disease in which there is progressive muscle weakening and wasting. A triplet repeat syndromes (like fragile X syndrome), this most common adult form of muscular dystrophy is caused by expansion of the unstable trinucleotide repeat CTG in the 3' untranslated region on chromosome 19q13 (cAMP-dependent muscle protein kinase gene). Anticipation has been associated with further expansion of the repeat upon transmission to subsequent generations (the inheritance pattern is autosomal dominant), although contraction has been noted to occur as well. Especially severe neonatal cases have been born to affected mothers preferentially, suggesting a role for genomic imprinting as well. The classic physical signs include atrophy of facial muscles, cataracts, and delayed muscle relaxation. Detection of the expanded trinucleotide repeat is accomplished by PCR or Southern blot and expansion appears to correlate with decreased transcription of the protein kinase gene. Inheritance: autosomal dominant. (29 Dec 1997) |
| dystrophia unguium | Dystrophy of the nails. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dystrophia ungulae | A condition of the hoof wall in the toe region of horses, characterised by loss of substance and change in character of the horn, most often as a sequela of mild chronic laminitis. Synonym: dystrophia ungulae, hollow wall. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dystrophin |
A protein that is absent in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. It is thought to participate in anchoring the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane.
출처: www.nature.com/nrn/journal/v2/n4/glossary/nrn0401_...
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| dysplasia |
Potentially precancerous abnormality of cervical cells.
출처: www.ehealthmd.com/library/cervicalcancer/CC_glossa...
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| dysplastic nevus |
A mole with an unusual appearance; different from common moles
출처: www.ehealthmd.com/library/melanoma/MEL_glossary.ht...
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| dysplasia |
An early stage of carcinogenesis characterized by changes in epithelial morphology.
출처: www.genpromag.com/Glossary~LETTER~D.html
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| dysuria |
Difficult or painful urination.
출처: www.peteducation.com/dict_alpha_listing.cfm
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