| MCL | Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis |
|---|---|
| PKDL | Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis |
| VL | Visceral Leishmaniasis |
| ZCL | Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis |
| disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis | Leishmaniasis caused by several New and Old World species and strains of Leishmania (L. Mexicana amazonensis, L. M. Pifanoi, possibly L. M. Garnhami and L. M. Venezuelensis; in Ethiopia, L. Aethiopica, and unidentified leishmanial agents in Namibia and Tanzania). The condition is associated with a suppressed cell-mediated immune response, so that the non-ulcerating, non-necrotizing cutaneous lesions can spread widely over the body; great numbers of parasite-filled macrophages are found in the dermal lesions. Healing does not appear to occur unless an acquired cellular hypersensitivity can develop. Synonym: anergic leishmaniasis, diffuse leishmaniasis, disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis, leishmaniasis tegumentaria diffusa, pseudolepromatous leishmaniasis. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| dry cutaneous leishmaniasis | A form of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis, usually with a prolonged incubation period and confined to urban areas. Synonym: chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis, dry cutaneous leishmaniasis, urban cutaneous leishmaniasis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| infantile leishmaniasis | Visceral leishmaniasis in infants, from Leishmania donovani infantum. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Old World leishmaniasis | Infection with promastigotes (leptomonads) of Leishmania tropica and of leishmaniasis major inoculated into the skin by the bite of an infected sandfly, Phlebotomus (commonly P. Papatasi); it is endemic in parts of Asia Minor, northern Africa, and India, and is known by innumerable names, each indicating its locality (e.g., Aleppo, Baghdad, Delhi, or Jericho boil; Aden ulcer; Biskra button); the ulcer begins as a papule that enlarges to a nodule and then breaks down into an ulcer. Two distinctive clinical and epidemiological diseases are recognised, the more common and widespread zoonotic rural disease with a moist acute form, caused by L. Major, with reservoir rodent hosts; and an urban, anthroponotic, dry, chronic form of leishmaniasis caused by leishmaniasis tropica, without a reservoir host, and now largely controlled. See: zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis, anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. Synonym: juccuya, Old World leishmaniasis, tropical sore. (05 Mar 2000) |
| zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis | A form of cutaneous leishmaniasis characterised by rural distribution of human cases near infected rodents, particularly communal ground squirrels; characterised by acute rapidly developing dermal lesions that become severely inflamed, with moist necrotizing sores or ulcers that heal in two to eight months after a two to four month incubation period; among nonimmune immigrants, multiple lesions may develop, which heal more slowly and leave disabling or disfiguring scars. A strong delayed hypersensitivity and involvement of immune complexes play a role in necrosis, which is part of the healing process and of the strong specific immunity that follows. Synonym: acute cutaneous leishmaniasis, rural cutaneous leishmaniasis, wet cutaneous leishmaniasis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| urban cutaneous leishmaniasis | A form of Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis, usually with a prolonged incubation period and confined to urban areas. Synonym: chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis, dry cutaneous leishmaniasis, urban cutaneous leishmaniasis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| leishmaniasis | <infectious disease> Caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. The parasite lives intracellularly in macrophages. Various forms of the disease are known, depending upon the species of parasite: in particular visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar) and muco cutaneous leishmaniasis. (18 Nov 1997) |
| leishmaniasis americana | A grave disease caused by Leishmania braziliensis braziliensis, endemic in southern Mexico and Central and South America, except for the equatorial region of Chile; the organism does not invade the viscera, and the disease is limited to the skin and mucous membranes, the lesions resembling the sores of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. Mexicana or L. Tropica; the chancrous sores heal after a time, but some months or years later, fungating and eroding forms of ulceration may appear on the tongue and buccal or nasal mucosa; many variants of the disease exist, marked by differences in distribution, vector, epidemiology, and pathology, which suggest that it may in fact be caused by a number of closely related aetiological agents. See: espundia. Synonym: American leishmaniasis, leishmaniasis americana, nasopharyngeal leishmaniasis, New World leishmaniasis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| leishmaniasis, cutaneous | An endemic disease that is characterised by the development of single or multiple localised lesions on exposed areas of skin that typically ulcerate. The disease has been divided into old and new world forms. Old world leishmaniasis is separated into three distinct types according to epidemiology and clinical manifestations and is caused by species of the l. Tropica and l. Aethiopica complexes as well as by species of the l. Major genus. New world leishmaniasis, also called american leishmaniasis, occurs in south and central america and is caused by species of the l. Mexicana or l. Braziliensis complexes. (12 Dec 1998) |
| leishmaniasis, diffuse cutaneous | A form of leishmaniasis, cutaneous caused by leishmania aethiopica in ethiopia and kenya, l. Pifanoi in venezuela, l. Braziliensis in south america, and l. Mexicana in central america. This disease is characterised by massive dissemination of skin lesions without visceral involvement. (12 Dec 1998) |
| leishmaniasis, mucocutaneous | A disease characterised by the chronic, progressive spread of lesions from new world cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by species of the l. Braziliensis complex to the nasal, pharyngeal, and buccal mucosa some time after the appearance of the initial cutaneous lesion. Nasal obstruction and epistaxis are frequent presenting symptoms. (12 Dec 1998) |
| leishmaniasis recidivans | A partially healing leishmanial lesion caused by Leishmania tropica and characterised by an extreme form of cellular immune response, intense granuloma production, fibrinoid necrosis without caseation, and frequent development of satellite lesions that continue the production of granulomatous tissue without healing, sometimes over a period of many years; organisms are difficult to demonstrate but can be cultured. Synonym: lupoid leishmaniasis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| leishmaniasis tegumentaria diffusa | Leishmaniasis caused by several New and Old World species and strains of Leishmania (L. Mexicana amazonensis, L. M. Pifanoi, possibly L. M. Garnhami and L. M. Venezuelensis; in Ethiopia, L. Aethiopica, and unidentified leishmanial agents in Namibia and Tanzania). The condition is associated with a suppressed cell-mediated immune response, so that the non-ulcerating, non-necrotizing cutaneous lesions can spread widely over the body; great numbers of parasite-filled macrophages are found in the dermal lesions. Healing does not appear to occur unless an acquired cellular hypersensitivity can develop. Synonym: anergic leishmaniasis, diffuse leishmaniasis, disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis, leishmaniasis tegumentaria diffusa, pseudolepromatous leishmaniasis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| leishmaniasis, visceral | A chronic disease caused by leishmania donovani and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera phlebotomus and lutzomyia. It is commonly characterised by fever, chills, vomiting, anaemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinaemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray colour of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: indian, mediterranean (or infantile), and african. (12 Dec 1998) |
| lupoid leishmaniasis | A partially healing leishmanial lesion caused by Leishmania tropica and characterised by an extreme form of cellular immune response, intense granuloma production, fibrinoid necrosis without caseation, and frequent development of satellite lesions that continue the production of granulomatous tissue without healing, sometimes over a period of many years; organisms are difficult to demonstrate but can be cultured. Synonym: lupoid leishmaniasis. (05 Mar 2000) |