| drug screening | Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications. (12 Dec 1998) |
|---|---|
| drug screening assays, antitumour | Methods of investigating the effectiveness of anticancer cytotoxic drugs and biologic inhibitors. These include in vitro cell-kill models and cytostatic dye exclusion tests as well as in vivo measurement of tumour growth parameters in laboratory animals. (12 Dec 1998) |
| familial screening | Screening directed at close relatives of probands with diseases that may lie latent, as in age-dependent dominant traits, or that may involve risk to progeny, as X-linked traits. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ammoniacal urine | <nephrology> Excretion of urine that contains an excessive amount of ammonia. Synonym: ammoniacal urine. Origin: ammonia + G. Ouron, urine (05 Mar 2000) |
| black urine | The dark urine of melanuria or haemoglobinuria. (05 Mar 2000) |
| maple syrup urine | See: maple syrup urine disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| maple syrup urine disease | Hereditary disease due to deficiency of an enzyme involved in amino acid metabolism, characterised by urine that smells like maple syrup. (12 Dec 1998) |
| Gerhardt's test for urobilin in the urine | The urobilin is extracted with chloroform and then treated with iodine and potassium hydrate, a fluorescent green colour being produced. (05 Mar 2000) |
| residual urine | Urine remaining in the bladder at the end of micturition in cases of prostatic obstruction, bladder atony, etc. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gouty urine | Urine of a high colour containing uric acid in excess. (05 Mar 2000) |
| chylous urine | Urine of a milky appearance, containing chyle. Synonym: milky urine. (05 Mar 2000) |
| citric acid urine test | <investigation> A test which measures the amount of citric acid in the urine. This test is used to diagnose renal tubular acidosis and evaluate those with kidney stones. A below normal level of citric acid in the urine can indicate renal tubular acidosis. Urine citric acid levels can be increased in those with have a high carbohydrate diet, are on oestrogen therapy or vitamin D therapy. (27 Sep 1997) |
| milky urine | Urine of a milky appearance, containing chyle. Synonym: milky urine. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cloudy urine | Urine with a cloudy appearance, usually due to pus, crystals, bacteria, blood, or free fat globules. Synonym: nebulous urine. (05 Mar 2000) |
| crude urine | Pale urine of low specific gravity, with very little sediment. (05 Mar 2000) |