| 영문 | epithelial tumor | 한글 | 상피성종양 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 정상 사람의 조직은 체표면을 덮는 역할을 하는 조직과, 주로 발생기의 중배엽에서 분화한 간엽조직에서 유래하는 결합조직, 뼈, 연골, 지방, 근육, 혈관 등의 조직의 두 계통으로 나눌 수 있다. 전자를 상피성 조직, 후자를 비상피성 조직이라 하며 그 각각을 구성하는 세포를 상피성 세포, 비상피세포라 총칭한다. 상피성 세포에서 기원하는 종양이 상피성 종양이며, 근처의 조직으로 침투나 혈류, 림프의 조직을 타고 원거리의 장기로 이동하지 않는 양성종양에는 선종, 유두종 등이 있고 양성과 반대로 근처의 조직으로 침투, 원격장기로 전이하는 악성종양을 모두 통칭하여 암종(carcinoma)이라고 한다. |
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| 영문 | medullary tumor | 한글 | 수질성 종양 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 암의 병리학적인 분류중 하나. 여러 기관의 암에서 나타나는데 주로 갑상샘암이나 유방암에서 보인다. |
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| 영문 | malignant tumor | 한글 | 악성종양 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 정상적인 조직 세포가 각종 물리적-화학적-생물학적인 발암 물질의 작용 또는 요인에 의해 돌연변이를 일으켜서 형성되는 종양. 무제한의 세포분열로 매우 왕성하게 증식하여 주위조직을 파괴-침식한다. 또 어떤 화학물질을 내어 주위의 조직세포를 침해할 뿐만 아니라, 혈관 및 림프관을 따라 전이하여 전신의 카켁시아를일으켜 죽음을 초래한다. 상피성인 것을 암종이라 하고, 비상피성인 것을 육종이라 한다. |
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| 영문 | benign tumor | 한글 | 양성종양 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 발육속도가 완만하여 성장에 한계가 있고, 주위와의 경계가 명확하며, 다른 조직으로 퍼지지 않으며, 침윤이나 전이를 일으키지 아니하는 종양. 섬유종이나 지방종 따위가 전형적인 예이다. 양성종양은 종양이 존재한다고 해도 1차적으로 숙주의 생명을 위협하는 일은 없다. 양성종양의 발육형식은 주위의 조직간에 왕래하는 일이 없이 주위의 조직을 밀어내며 증식한다. 발육속도는 완만하며 전이하거나 절제 후 재발하는 일이 극히 드물다. 종양성분은 변이체이긴 하지만 성숙한 정상세포와 거의 다른 것이 없다. 전신에 대한 영향은 악성종양의 경우 어느 정도 발육했을 때 전신의 영양상태가 손상되어 카켁시아가 되지만 양성종양의 경우 이런 일은 거의 없다. 양성종양과 악성종양의 성상의 차이에 엄밀한 경계는 없고, 경계경변으로 보이는 종양도 있다. |
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| 영문 | Wilms' tumor | 한글 | 윌름즈종양 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 콩팥에서 발생하는 악성종양으로 소아에서 자주 발생한다. 흔히 소아에서 복부내종양을 발견시 중앙선을 넘어서면 신경모세포종이고, 중앙선을 넘지 않으면 윌름즈종양을 의심할 만큼 중요하고 흔한 종양이다. 대개 증상은 없는 편이며, 주로 아기의 목욕을 시켜주다가 우연히 발견된 복부내종괴 때문에 병원을 찾게 된다. 진단시 컴퓨터단층촬영으로 주위의 전이가 없는지를 확인해야 하며, 전이가 없으면 항암화학요법, 방사선치료요법, 그리고 수술요법의 병합요법에 의한 치료효과가 높다. |
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| paratenic host | An intermediate host in which no development of the parasite occurs, although its presence may be required as an essential link in the completion of the parasite's life cycle; e.g., the successive fish host's that carry the plerocercoid of Diphyllobothrium latum, the broad fish tapeworm, to larger food fish eventually eaten by man or other final host's. Synonym: transport host. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| reservoir host | The host of an infection in which the infectious agent multiplies and/or develops, and upon which the agent is dependent for survival in nature; the host essential for the maintenance of the infection during times when active transmission is not occurring. (05 Mar 2000) |
| graft-versus-host disease | <haematology> A common and serious, complication of bone marrow transplantation where there is a reaction of donated bone marrow against a patient's own tissue. When donor lymphocytes or a graft containing lymphocytes that are immunologically competent are given to a patient that has low immunological competence, an incompatibility reaction can result. This is due to antibodies from the donor against antigens in the host. This is due to mismatch of MHC Class I antigens and can produce lymphocyte clones that will react by a variety of processes against the host and cause damage. The clinical condition can be fatal and is due to the donor's immune cells recognising the host cells as foreign. The clinical entity characterised by anorexia, diarrhoea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the graft-versus-host reaction. It can occur in either chronic or acute forms and is treatable by immunosuppressive drugs. Seen most commonly following bone marrow transplantation, acute disease is seen after 5-40 days and chronic disease weeks to months after transplantation, affecting, principally, the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and skin. Radiological appearances of the gastrointestinal tract include; thickened wall, mucosal folds thickened or effaced, increased secretions most likely to be rapid transit of GI tract, mass most likely to be focal oedema, fibrosis, hallmark: diffuse, uniform thickening of small bowel. Synonym: GVH disease. Acronym: GVHD (20 Sep 2002) |
| graft-versus-host reaction | <haematology> A common and serious, complication of bone marrow transplantation where there is a reaction of donated bone marrow against a patient's own tissue. When donor lymphocytes or a graft containing lymphocytes that are immunologically competent are given to a patient that has low immunological competence, an incompatibility reaction can result. This is due to antibodies from the donor against antigens in the host. This is due to mismatch of MHC Class I antigens and can produce lymphocyte clones that will react by a variety of processes against the host and cause damage. The clinical condition can be fatal and is due to the donor's immune cells recognising the host cells as foreign. The clinical entity characterised by anorexia, diarrhoea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the graft-versus-host reaction. It can occur in either chronic or acute forms and is treatable by immunosuppressive drugs. Seen most commonly following bone marrow transplantation, acute disease is seen after 5-40 days and chronic disease weeks to months after transplantation, affecting, principally, the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and skin. Radiological appearances of the gastrointestinal tract include; thickened wall, mucosal folds thickened or effaced, increased secretions most likely to be rapid transit of GI tract, mass most likely to be focal oedema, fibrosis, hallmark: diffuse, uniform thickening of small bowel. Synonym: GVH disease. Acronym: GVHD (20 Sep 2002) |
| graft-versus-host response | <haematology> A common and serious, complication of bone marrow transplantation where there is a reaction of donated bone marrow against a patient's own tissue. When donor lymphocytes or a graft containing lymphocytes that are immunologically competent are given to a patient that has low immunological competence, an incompatibility reaction can result. This is due to antibodies from the donor against antigens in the host. This is due to mismatch of MHC Class I antigens and can produce lymphocyte clones that will react by a variety of processes against the host and cause damage. The clinical condition can be fatal and is due to the donor's immune cells recognising the host cells as foreign. The clinical entity characterised by anorexia, diarrhoea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the graft-versus-host reaction. It can occur in either chronic or acute forms and is treatable by immunosuppressive drugs. Seen most commonly following bone marrow transplantation, acute disease is seen after 5-40 days and chronic disease weeks to months after transplantation, affecting, principally, the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and skin. Radiological appearances of the gastrointestinal tract include; thickened wall, mucosal folds thickened or effaced, increased secretions most likely to be rapid transit of GI tract, mass most likely to be focal oedema, fibrosis, hallmark: diffuse, uniform thickening of small bowel. Synonym: GVH disease. Acronym: GVHD (20 Sep 2002) |
| cutaneous graft versus host reaction | An acute erythematous maculopapular reaction with bulla formation in the most severe cases; chronic changes may resemble lichen planus or scleroderma. (05 Mar 2000) |
| secondary host | <epidemiology> See vector. (05 Dec 1998) |
| host | An organism that is infected with or is fed upon by a parasitic or pathogenic organism (for example, a virus, nematode, fungus). The term can also be applied, loosely, to a plant supporting an epiphyte. (09 Oct 1997) |
| host cell | A cell which has been infected by a virus is known as the host cell of that virus. A cell which is used in lab techniques such as DNA cloning to receive, maintain, and allow the reproduction of recombinant DNA cloning vectors. The DNA introduced with the vector is replicated whenever the cell divides and the recombinant proteins encoded for by the plasmid are reproduced in large quantities. (13 Nov 1997) |
| host-parasite relations | The interactions between two organisms, one of which lives at the expense of the other. (12 Dec 1998) |
| host range | The range of host species or cell types which a particular virus, bacteria, or parasite is able to infect or parasitise. (09 Oct 1997) |
| host range mutant | A mutant of phage or animal virus that grows normally in one of its host cells, but has lost the ability to grow in cells of a second host type. (18 Nov 1997) |
| host restriction-modification | A bacterial system where the bacterium is able to destroy invading DNA from a bacteriophage (virus which infects bacteria) while at the same time preventing the destruction of their own DNA. The phage DNA is cleaved by a restriction enzyme made by the bacterium, the bacterial DNA is modified (usually with methylation) so that the enzyme will not destroy it. (09 Oct 1997) |
| host-vector system | A combination of a bacterial host cell (i.e. A specific strain) and a virus vector (i.e. A particular bacteriophage strain) which work well together for DNA cloning. (09 Oct 1997) |
| host versus graft reaction | The normal lymphocyte mediated reactions of a host against allogeneic or xenogeneic cells acquired as a graft or otherwise, which lead to damage or/and destruction of the grafted cells. The opposite of graft-versus-host reaction. The common basis of graft rejection. (18 Nov 1997) |