| 영문 | cerebral concussion | 한글 | 뇌진탕 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 외부에서 기원하는 물리적 충격으로 인해 뇌의 물리적 손상없이 일어나는 뇌의 기능 장애. 일시적으로 무의식, 반사소실, 등이 나타나지만 결국은 아무 후유증없이 정상으로 돌아온다. |
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| 영문 | cerebral cortex | 한글 | 대뇌겉질 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 대뇌의 표면부위를 대뇌겉질이라고도 한다. 대개 얕은회색질(superficial gray matter)와 동의어로 쓰인다. 회색질이란 대뇌의 표면에 신경세포가 모여있는 곳으로 회색을 띠는 부분을 말한다. 이와는 대조적으로 백색질이란 신경세포가 내는 신경섬유가 분포하는 곳이며 대뇌에서 회색질의 안쪽에 존재한다. 참고로 말하면 척수에서는 대뇌와 반대로 회색질 안쪽에 존재하고 백색질이 밖에 존재한다. 즉 척수에서는 신경세포가 척수의 안쪽에 존재하고 바깥쪽에 그 신경세포가 내는 신경섬유가 존재한다. |
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| 영문 | cerebral artery | 한글 | 대뇌동맥 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 대뇌의 혈액을 공급하는 동맥. 대뇌의 앞부분의 혈액을 공급하는 앞대뇌동맥(anterior cerebral artery), 중간부위의 혈액을 공급하는 중간대뇌동맥(middle cerebral artery), 뒷부분의 혈액을 공급하는 뒤대뇌동맥(posterior cererbral artery)의 세 가지가 있다. 대뇌는 크게 두 가지 동맥에 의해서 혈액을 공급받는다. 하나는 속목동맥(internal carotid artery)이고 하나는 척추동맥(vertebral artery)이다. 이 동맥들은 좌-우로 두 개씩 쌍을 이루어 뇌에 혈액을 공급한다. 척추동맥은 대동맥에서 나와서 목뼈에 있는 가로돌기구멍을 통해서 머리쪽으로 올라온다. 그리고는 두 개의 좌우 척추가 한 개로 합쳐져서 바닥동맥라는 동맥을 이룬다. 목동맥은 대동맥에서 기시하여 속목동맥과 바깥목동맥으로 나뉜다(나뉘기 이전을 온목동맥이라 한다). 바깥목동맥은 얼굴과 뇌를 제외한 머리의 부위에 혈액을 공급하는 혈관이고, 속목동맥은 뇌에 혈액을 공급한다.   |
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| 영문 | cerebral hemisphere | 한글 | 대뇌반구 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 대뇌란 뇌의 가장 큰 부분을 차지하는 곳으로 사고, 운동, 성격, 기억 등의 고차원적인 기능을 행하는 곳이다. 대뇌는 크게 좌, 우 두 개로 나뉘어져 있고 각각을 좌, 우 대뇌반구라고 한다. |
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| RIA | radioimmunoassay; reversible ischemic attack |
|---|---|
| ILD | interstitial lung disease; intraoperative localization device; ischemic leg disease; ischemic limb d... |
| TIE | transient ischemic episode |
| CA | anterior commissure [Lat. commissura anterior]; calcium antagonist; California [rabbit]; cancer; Can... |
| CC | calcaneal-cuboid; calcium cyclamate; cardiac catheterization; cardiac contusion; cardiac cycle; card... |
| vasovagal attack | <syndrome> Syndrome consisting of palpitation, chest pain, respiratory difficulties, and disturbances in gastric motility; once attributed to vagal stimulation, now considered psychogenic (anxiety neurosis). Synonym: vagal attack, vasovagal attack. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| membrane attack complex | <immunology> A term originally used to refer to the heat labile factor in serum that causes immune cytolysis, the lysis of antibody coated cells and now referring to the entire functionally related system comprising at least 20 distinct serum proteins that is the effector not only of immune cytolysis but also of other biologic functions. Complement activation occurs by two different sequences, the classic and alternative pathways. The proteins of the classic pathway are termed components of complement and are designated by the symbols C1 through C9. C1 is a calcium dependent complex of three distinct proteins C1q, C1r and C1s. The proteins of the alternative pathway (collectively referred to as the properdin system) and complement regulatory proteins are known by semisystematic or trivial names. Fragments resulting from proteolytic cleavage of complement proteins are designated with lower case letter suffixes, for example, C3a. Inactivated fragments may be designated with the suffix i, for example C3bi. Activated components or complexes with biological activity are designated by a bar over the symbol for example C1 or C4b, 2a. The classic pathway is activated by the binding of C1 to classic pathway activators, primarily antigen-antibody complexes containing IgM, IgG1, IgG3, C1q binds to a single IgM molecule or two adjacent IgG molecules. The alternative pathway can be activated by IgA immune complexes and also by nonimmunologic materials including bacterial endotoxins, microbial polysaccharides and cell walls. Activation of the classic pathway triggers an enzymatic cascade involving C1, C4, C2 and C3, activation of the alternative pathway triggers a cascade involving C3 and factors B, D and P. Both result in the cleavage of C5 and the formation of the membrane attack complex. Complement activation also results in the formation of many biologically active complement fragments that act as anaphylatoxins, opsonins or chemotactic factors. (05 Jan 1998) |
| complement membrane attack complex | The assembly of complement plasma glycoproteins c5b, c6, c7, c8, and polymeric c9 as a group on biological membranes. The complex forms transmembrane channels which displace lipid molecules and other constituents, thus disrupting the phospholipid bilayer of target cells leading to cell lysis by osmotic leakage. The formation of the membrane attack complex is the terminal step in the complement cascade. (12 Dec 1998) |
| heart attack | This refers to that damage that occurs to the heart when one of the coronary arteries becomes occluded. Common symptoms include crushing, substernal chest pain that may radiate to the jaw or the left arm, accompanied by nausea, sweating and shortness of breath. Fainting is a more uncommon presentation. (27 Sep 1997) |
| salaam attack | In infants, a drop of the head on the chest due to loss of tone in the neck muscles as in epilepsia nutans, or to tonic spasm of anterior neck muscles as in West's syndrome, in adults, a nodding of the head from clonic spasm's of the sternomastoid muscles. Synonym: salaam attack, salaam spasm, spasmus nutans. (05 Mar 2000) |
| uncinate attack | A form of psychomotor epilepsy or complex partial seizure initiated by a dreamy state and hallucinations of smell and taste, usually the result of a medial temporal lesion. Synonym: uncinate attack. (05 Mar 2000) |
| colitis, ischemic | Acute vascular insufficiency of the colon usually involving the portion supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery. The symptoms include pain at the iliac fossa, bloody diarrhoea, low-grade fever, abdominal distention, and abdominal tenderness. The classic radiologic sign is thumbprinting due to localised elevation of the mucosa by submucosal haemorrhage or oedema. Ulceration may follow. (12 Dec 1998) |
| hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy | Damage to cells in the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) from inadequate oxygen. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy allegedly may cause in death in the newborn period or result in what is later recognised as developmental delay, mental retardation, or cerebral palsy. This is an area of considerable medical and medicolegal debate. (12 Dec 1998) |
| ischemic | Affected by ischaemia. (27 Sep 1997) |
| ischemic colitis | <radiology> Precipitating factors: volvulus, carcinoma, cardiovascular disease, history of aortoiliac reconstruction (2%) with ligation of IMA, abrupt onset of lower abdominal pain and rectal bleeding, location: splenic flexure (80%) and rectosigmoid (watershed areas), BE: single contrast prefered (lesions may become effaced with double contrast), serrated mucosa; pseudopolyposis; transverse ridging; thumbprinting on mesenteric side; deep ulcers, CT: thickening of wall; irregular lumen (thumbrinting), curvilinear collection of intramural gas, portal and mesenteric venous air, blood clot in superior mesenteric artery / superior mesenteric vein, Angio (similar to inflammatory disease): normal / slightly attenuated arterial supply, mild acceleration of arteriovenous transit time (12 Dec 1998) |
| ischemic contracture of the left ventricle | Irreversible contraction of the left ventricle of the heart as a complication seen in the early period of cardiopulmonary bypass and now avoided by appropriate cardioplegic solutions. Synonym: myocardial rigor mortis, stone heart. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ischemic hypoxia | Tissue hypoxia characterised by tissue oligaemia and caused by arterial or arteriolar obstruction or vasoconstriction. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ischemic mitral regurgitation | A regurgitation of the mitral valve caused by ischemic heart disease. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ischemic muscular atrophy | See: Volkmann's contracture. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ischemic necrosis | Necrosis caused by hypoxia resulting from local deprivation of blood supply, as by infarction. (05 Mar 2000) |