| 영문 | interstitial therapy | 한글 | 근접치료 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 주로 종양의 치료를 목적으로 하여 인체 조직내에 방사선 물질을 삽입하여 방사선을 조사하는 치료법이다. Brachytherapy라고도 한다. |
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| 영문 | symptomatic therapy | 한글 | 대증요법 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 병의 원인을 찾아 없애기 곤란한 상황에서, 겉으로 나타난 병의 증상에 대응하여 처치를 하는 치료법. 열이 높을 때에 얼음주머니를 대거나 해열제를 써서 열을 내리게 하는 따위가 이에 속한다. |
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| 영문 | radiation therapy | 한글 | 방사선요법 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | X선, γ선의 전자방사선이나 전자선, 양자선, 중성자선 등의 입자방사선을 이용해, 주로 악성 종양 치료를 목적으로 하는 치료법이다. 암세포가 주위의 정상세포보다도 방사선 감수성이 높은 점을 이용하여, 정상세포의 손상을 가능한 한 최소로 억제하면서 암세포를 파괴한다. 사용되는 방사선에는 밀봉소선원에서 나오는 γ선, 직선가속기에서 얻어지는 고에너지 X선과 전자선, 텔레코발트장치에 의한 60Co의 γ선과, 베타트론에 의한 전자선, 사이크로트론에서 얻어지는 양자선, 중성자선 등이 있다. |
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| 영문 | radiation therapy | 한글 | 방사선치료 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 방사선의 살균효과나 세포를 죽이는 효과를 치료에 이용하는 방법으로, 좁은 의미로 암의 방사선치료를 의미한다. 암에 대한 방사선치료는 암세포를 죽이는데 효과가 큰 베타선을 주로 사용한다. 하지만, 이런 방사선치료는 정상세포에도 큰 영향을 끼쳐 이에 따른 기능의 장애를 가져올 수 있다. 따라서 방사선치료에 있어서는 단지 그 암세포에 대한 작용뿐만 아니라, 정상세포에 대한 작용도 고려하여 시행한다. |
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| 영문 | speech therapy | 한글 | 언어치료 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 말을 정확하게 발음할 수 없거나 더듬는 환자에게 발음, 대화 따위의 훈련을 전문적으로 행하는 치료법. |
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| GT | gait training; galactosyl transferase; gastrostomy; generation time; genetic therapy; gingiva treatm... |
|---|---|
| RT | radiologic technologist; radiotelemetry; radiotherapy; radium therapy; rapid tranquilization; reacti... |
| NPH | 1) Neutral Protamine Hagedorn Insulin = Isophane Insulin Susp... |
| AITT | arginine insulin tolerance test; augmented insulin tolerance test |
| IRI | immunoreactive insulin; insulin resistance index |
| non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus | <disease> An often mild form of diabetes mellitus of gradual onset, usually in obese individuals over age 35; absolute plasma insulin levels are normal to high, but relatively low in relation to plasma glucose levels; ketoacidosis is rare, but hyperosmolar coma can occur; responds well to dietary regulation and/or oral hypoglycaemic agents, but diabetic complications and degenerative changes can develop. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| nonsuppressible insulin-like activity | A blood protein (nsila) which mimics the biological activity of insulin in serum, but is not suppressed by insulin antibodies. During acid-ethanol extraction of cohn fraction III, 10% of the activity is found in the supernatant (nsila-s) and the remaining activity in the precipitate (nsila-p). The latter is a large molecular compound, much less stable than the soluble fraction. Nsila-s is a more potent growth factor than insulin and exhibits sulfation activity. (12 Dec 1998) |
| NPH insulin | isophane insulin |
| diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent | Diabetes mellitus characterised by insulin deficiency, sudden onset, severe hyperglycaemia, rapid progression to ketoacidosis, and death unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence. (12 Dec 1998) |
| diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependent | Diabetes characterised by the ability to survive without ketoacidosis in the absence of insulin therapy. It is usually of slow onset and patients exhibit a tendency to obesity. (12 Dec 1998) |
| insulin | <drug, growth factor, hormone> A polypeptide hormone (bovine insulin, 5780D) found in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Secreted by the _ cells of the pancreas in response to high blood sugar levels, it induces hypoglycaemia. Defective secretion of insulin is the cause of diabetes mellitus. Insulin is also a mitogen, has sequence homologies with other growth factors and is a frequent addition to cell culture media for demanding cell types. (18 Nov 1997) |
| insulin activating factor | <chemical> Activates insulin gene transcription in pancreatic beta cells. Synonym: insaf (05 Dec 1998) |
| insulin allergy | When a person's body has an allergic or bad reaction to taking insulin made from pork or beef or from bacteria, or because the insulin is not exactly the same as human insulin or because it has impurities. The allergy can be of two forms. Sometimes an area of skin becomes red and itchy around the place where the insulin is injected. This is called a local allergy. In another form, a person's whole body can have a bad reaction. This is called a systemic allergy. The person can have hives or red patches all over the body or may feel changes in the heart rate and in the rate of breathing. A doctor may treat this allergy by prescribing purified insulins or by desensitisation. See: desensitisation. (09 Oct 1997) |
| insulin antagonist | Something that opposes or fights the action of insulin. Insulin lowers the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood, whereas glucagon raises it, therefore, glucagon is an antagonist of insulin. (09 Oct 1997) |
| insulin-antagonizing factor | A principle in extracts of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis that raises the blood sugar and antagonises the action of insulin; purified pituitary growth hormone produces an identical effect. Synonym: insulin-antagonizing factor. (05 Mar 2000) |
| insulin binding | When insulin attaches itself to something else. This can occur in two ways. First, when a cell needs energy, insulin can bind with the outer part of the cell. The cell then can bring glucose (sugar) inside and use it for energy. With the help of insulin, the cell can do its work very well and very quickly. But sometimes the body acts against itself. In this second case, the insulin binds with antibodies. If the insulin is an injected form of insulin and not made by the body, the body sees the insulin as an outside or foreign substance. When the injected insulin binds with the antibodies, it does not work as well as when it binds directly to the cell. (09 Oct 1997) |
| insulin coma treatment | Rarely used treatment of major mental illness by means of hypoglycaemic coma induced by insulin. (05 Mar 2000) |
| insulin c-peptide | <investigation> A blood test which measures the amount of C-peptide in the blood. C-peptide is a byproduct of normal insulin production by the beta cells in the pancreas. Normal values are 0.5 to 3.0 ng/ml. Normal levels indicate that the body is still producing its own insulin. Low levels indicate that the pancreas is producing little or no insulin. Elevations can be seen in cases of insulinomas and islet of Langerhans tumours. (27 Sep 1997) |
| insulin dependent diabetes | A form of diabetes that requires the daily injection of the hormone insulin to maintain normal body chemistry. Avoidance of insulin in these patients will result in a severe metabolic derangement known as diabetic ketoacidosis. (27 Sep 1997) |
| insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus | A chronic condition in which the pancreas makes little or no insulin because the beta cells have been destroyed. The body is then not able to use the glucose (blood sugar) for energy. IDDM usually comes on abruptly, although the damage to the beta cells may begin much earlier. The signs of IDDM are a great thirst, hunger, a need to urinate often, and loss of weight. To treat the disease, the person must inject insulin, follow a diet plan, exercise daily, and test blood glucose several times a day. IDDM usually occurs in children and adults who are under age 30. This type of diabetes used to be known as juvenile diabetes, juvenile-onset diabetes, and ketosis-prone diabetes. (09 Oct 1997) |