| 영문 | ESR(Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) | 한글 | 적혈구침강속도, 혈침 |
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| 설명 | 혈액이 응고되는 것을 방지하는 항응고제를 넣은 혈액을 침강용 유리관에 넣어 가만히 세워 두었을 때 적혈구가 가라앉는 속도를 이르는 말이다. 1918년 스웨덴의 병리학자 파레우스의 창안에 의한 것이다. 측정방법으로 여러 가지가 있는데, 국제표준법으로는 1973년 웨스터그렌법의 1시간법이 선정되었으며, 1977년 그것을 개정하여 각국에서 쓰도록 권장하고 있다. 1시간 후 침강용 유리관 위쪽의 혈장기둥의 높이를 mm로 읽어, 그것을 적혈구침강의 1시간값으로 한다. 만약 혈장과 적혈구의 경계가 선명하지 못한 경우, 적혈구의 밀도가 그 이하에서는 일정하다고 여겨지는 곳의 눈금을 읽어 적혈구침강의 1시간값으로 한다. 측정 때의 실내온도는 18~25도로 한다. 일반적으로 이보다 온도가 높은 경우는 혈침반응이 촉진되며, 낮은 경우는 늦어진다. 정상 값은 2~10mm(남자), 3~15mm(여자)이며 15세 이하의 어린이, 50세 이상의 고령자에서는 약간 높다. |
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| CSR | central supply room; chart-stimulated recall [test]; Cheyne-Stokes respiration; continued stay revie... |
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| PR | by way of the rectum [Lat. per rectum]; far point [of accommodation] [Lat. punctum remotum]; palindr... |
| AMR | acoustic muscle reflex; activity metabolic rate; acute mitral stenosis; alopecia-mental retardation ... |
| MMR | mass miniature radiography; masseter muscle rigidity; maternal mortality rate; measles-mumps-rubella... |
| PCR | patient contact record; phosphocreatinine; plasma clearance rate; polymerase chain reaction; post-co... |
| inulin clearance | An accurate measure of the rate of filtration through the renal glomeruli, because inulin filters freely with water and is neither excreted nor reabsorbed through tubule walls. Inulin is not a normal constituent of plasma and must be infused continously to maintain a steady plasma concentration and a steady rate of urinary excretion during the measurement. Inulin clearance in a normal adult person is about 120 ml/min (range 100-150) per 1.73 m2 body surface area. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| isotope clearance | The rate at which an isotope is removed (usually by blood flow) from a tissue or organ such as the brain. (05 Mar 2000) |
| occlusal clearance | A condition in which the opposing occlusal surfaces may glide over one another without any interfering projection. (05 Mar 2000) |
| osmolal clearance | The volume of urine that would be excreted per minute if the urinary solutes were accompanied by just enough water to make the urine isosmotic with plasma, i.e., so that the solute excretion did not change the osmolality of body fluids. To calculate it, the volume of urine excreted per minute is multiplied by the urinary osmolality (usually measured by freezing point depression) and divided by the plasma osmolality. Osmolal clearance is less than actual urine flow when urine is hyposmotic and exceeds it when urine is hyperosmotic. (05 Mar 2000) |
| endogenous creatinine clearance | A term distinguishing measurements based on the creatinine normally present in plasma; since no infusion is necessary, an average value may be obtained by collecting urine for a long period, e.g., 24 hours. (05 Mar 2000) |
| exogenous creatinine clearance | A term distinguishing measurements based on infusing creatinine intravenously to raise its plasma concentration and facilitate its accurate chemical determination. (05 Mar 2000) |
| urea clearance | The volume of plasma (or blood) that would be completely cleared of urea by one minute's excretion of urine; originally calculated as urine flow multiplied by urine urea concentration divided by concentration of urea in whole blood rather than plasma, representing blood urea clearance rather than plasma urea clearance. (05 Mar 2000) |
| urea clearance test | A test of renal function based on urea clearance. (05 Mar 2000) |
| free water clearance | The amount of water excreted in the urine beyond that which would accompany the excreted solutes if the urine were isosmotic with plasma; it represents the loss of body water in excess of solute tending to raise body osmolality and making urine hyposmotic. Unlike other clearance's, it is calculated by subtracting the osmolal clearance from the actual volume of urine excreted per minute. A negative value for free water clearance represents the amount of water that the body has reclaimed from isosmotic tubule fluid to make the urine hyperosmotic and to lower body osmolality. (05 Mar 2000) |
| brain diseases, metabolic | Metabolic disorders which lead to pathological changes and/or functional deviations of the brain. (12 Dec 1998) |
| metabolic | 1. <biology> Of or pertaining to metamorphosis; pertaining to, or involving, change. 2. <physiology> Of or pertaining to metabolism; as, metabolic activity; metabolic force. Source: Websters Dictionary (01 Mar 1998) |
| metabolic acidosis | <biochemistry> A metabolic derangement of acid-base balance where the blood pH is abnormally low. Causes include haemorrhagic shock, cardiogenic shock, severe dehydration, sepsis, toxic ingestion (for example isopropyl alcohol, methanol), alcoholic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, renal failure and diabetic ketoacidosis. Respiratory acidosis will occur if the lungs are not ventilating properly. (27 Jun 1999) |
| metabolic alkalosis | <biochemistry> A metabolic derangement where the pH of the blood is abnormally high (basic). This condition may result from hyperventilation, the use of a particular drug, excessive vomiting or dehydration (contraction alkalosis). (27 Jun 1999) |
| metabolic burst | <biochemistry> Response of phagocytes to particles (particularly if opsonise d) and to agonists such as formyl peptides and phorbol esters, an enhanced uptake of oxygen leads to the production, by an NADH dependent system, of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, all of which play a part in bactericidal activity. Defects in the metabolic burst, as in chronic granulomatous disease, predispose to infection particularly with catalase positive bacteria and are usually fatal in childhood. (27 Jun 1999) |
| metabolic calculus | A stone, usually a renal stone, caused by a metabolic abnormality resulting in increased excretion of a substance of low solubility in urine, such as urate or cystine. (05 Mar 2000) |