| 영문 | muscle biopsy | 한글 | 근육생검 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 생체내에서 근육에 대한 질병의 감별진단을 위해서 실시하는 검사법. 방법은 병터가 있는 부위나 혹은 없어도 크게 활동에 지장이 없는 근육부위의 조직을 떼어 현미경적으로 검사한다. 예를 들어 신경조직의 이상으로 인한 근육병터의 경우, 근육생검을 하여 관찰해보면 이른바 “무리진 위축(grouped atrophy)”이 나타나서, 다른 병터에 의한 것과 감별이 가능하다. |
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| 영문 | smooth muscle | 한글 | 민무늬근육, 평활근육 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 근육 중에서 가로무늬가 없는 근. 가로무늬근에 대응되는 말이다. 척추동물에서는 심장근 이외의 내장근은 모두가 민무늬근이다. 많은 내장장기의 벽에 분포되어 있으며, 대개 돌림층과 세로층의 두 층으로 배열되어 있다. 소화관이나 요관 같은 관모양의 구조에서는 꿈틀운동을 일으켜 내용물이 아래로 내려가게 하는 작용을 한다. 항문관, 위, 요도 등에서는 돌림층의 근육이 특히 두꺼워져 내용물이 내려가는 것을 조절하는 조임근육이 형성되어 있다. 혈관에는 돌림층만 있으며, 혈관을 수축하여 혈액을 쥐어짜는 작용을 한다. 또한 자율신경의 지배를 받으며, 우리의 의지와 관계없이 작용한다. |
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| 영문 | voluntary muscle | 한글 | 수의근 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 의지의 힘으로 움직일 수 있는 근육. 골격근 외에 피부 내의 피근, 관절주머니에 부착하고 있는 관절근 등이 여기에 속한다. 수의근의 근섬유에는 가로무늬가 있으므로 가로무늬근이라고도 하나, 심장근은 가로 무늬가 있어도 수의근이 아니므로 수의근과 가로무늬근은 동의어는 아니다. 수의근의 운동은 민무늬근보다 빠르다. 수의근이라 해도 골격근 등은 근육무리로서 움직일 수 있으나, 개개의 근육은 따로따로 마음대로 움직이게 할 수 없다. 귓바퀴근육은 사람의 경우 발육이 나빠 마음대로 움직이게 하기 어렵다. |
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| 영문 | facial muscle | 한글 | 얼굴근육 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 얼굴의 피부를 움직이고 이에 부착되어 있는 얼굴신경의 공급을 받는 수많은 근육을 포함하는 얼굴표정근이나 모방근. |
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| MG | Marcus Gunn [pupil]; margin; medial gastrocnemius [muscle]; membranous glomerulonephritis; menopausa... |
|---|---|
| MS | Maffuci syndrome; maladjustment score; mandibular series; Marfan syndrome; Marie-Strumpell [syndrome... |
| PM | after death (Lat. post mortem); after noon [Lat. post meridiem]; mean pressure; pacemaker; pantomogr... |
| MSA | major serologic antigen; male-specific antigen; mannitol salt agar; Medical Services Administration;... |
| MSE | medical support equipment; mental status examination; muscle-specific enolase |
| gravitational force | <physics> Force which attracts two bodies together based on the product of their masses and the reciprocal of the square of their distances. Gravity is the force field created by one massive body (like the earth) which another body (like you) will experience. (09 Oct 1997) |
|---|---|
| microscopy, atomic force | Microscopy in which a probe systematically rides across the surface of a sample being scanned in a raster pattern. The vertical position is recorded as a spring attached to the probe rises and falls in response to peaks and valleys on the surface. A microcomputer keeps track of the vertical excursions as a function of the position of the probe in the horizontal plane and presents the sample's image. (12 Dec 1998) |
| cohesive force | <physics> An intermolecular force between like molecules, important in the phenomenon of surface tension. (09 Oct 1997) |
| component of force | One of the factors from which a resultant force may be compounded or into which it may be resolved, one of the vectors into which a force may be resolved. (05 Mar 2000) |
| coriolis force | The apparent deflection (coriolis acceleration) of a body in motion with respect to the earth, as seen by an observer on the earth, attributed to a fictitious force (coriolis force) but actually caused by the rotation of the earth. In a medical context it refers to the physiological effects (nausea, vertigo, dizziness, etc.) felt by a person moving radially in a rotating system, as a rotating space station. (12 Dec 1998) |
| coulomb's force | <radiobiology> See Coulomb's Law. Synonym: electrostatic force. (09 Oct 1997) |
| pound force | (sometimes abbreviated lb(f)) A force which will accelerate one pound mass at a rate of 32.2 ft/second(2). (05 Dec 1998) |
| proton-motive force | Energy that is generated by the transfer of protons or electrons across an energy-transducing membrane and that can be used for chemical, osmotic, or mechanical work. Proton-motive force can be generated by a variety of phenomena including the operation of an electron transport chain, illumination of a purple membrane, and the hydrolysis of ATP by a proton atpase. (12 Dec 1998) |
| psychic force | In psychoanalysis, a hypothetical mental force, analogous to the physical concept of energy, which enables and vitalises an individual's psychological activity. See: libido. Synonym: psychic force. (05 Mar 2000) |
| nerve force | An obsolete terms denoting the property of nerve tissue to conduct stimuli. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dispersion force | Forces of attraction between atoms or nonpolar molecules that result from the formation of induced dipoles. Sometimes referred to as London dispersion forces. Important in the DLVO theory of colloid flocculation and thus in theories of cell adhesion. (18 Nov 1997) |
| dynamic force | <radiobiology> Typically defined as the ability to do work. Power is the rate at which work is done, or the rate at which energy is changed. Work characterises the degree to which the properties of a substance are transformed. Energy exists in many forms, which can be converted from one to another in various ways. Examples include: gravitational energy, electrical energy, magnetic and electric field energy, atomic binding energy (a form of electrical energy really), nuclear binding energy, chemical energy (another form of electrical energy), in addition to these forms of potential energy there are also kinetic energy (energy due to motion), and thermal energy (heat, a form of kinetic energy where the motion is due to thermal vibrations/motions), and so on. (09 Oct 1997) |
| occlusal force | The result of muscular force applied on opposing teeth. (05 Mar 2000) |
| electrodynamic force | London Van der Waals forces: See: DLVO theory. (18 Nov 1997) |
| electromagnetic force | <physics> One of the fundamental forces of interaction which influences charged entities. In quantum field theory, the electromagnetic force is mediated by particles of exchange called (virtual) photons. Photons are massless and travel at the speed of light c. The electromagnetic force obeys an inverse square law, which makes sense because it is mediated by particles that have an infinite lifetime (special-relativistically, time stops in a frame moving at c when observed from a non-moving frame). (05 Jan 1998) |