| 영문 | afferent nerve | 한글 | 들신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 몸의 중심으로 들어오는 신경, 즉 감각신경을 지칭하는 말이다. |
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| 영문 | peripheral nerve | 한글 | 말초신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 중추신경계를 제외한 나머지 모든신경을 말함. 중추신경계는 뇌와 척수를 말하며, 그외 나머지 신경들로써 실제적으로 각 기관이나 사지 말단에 신경이 분포하며, 자극을 전달하는 일을 하는 신경을 모두 통틀어 말초신경이라 한다. 뇌에서 바로 나와 분포하는 뇌신경과 척수에서 기시하는 척수신경도 모두 말초신경에 해당한다. 또한 말초신경에는 각종 자율신경을 담당하는 교감신경, 부교감신경도 포함된다. |
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| 영문 | vagus nerve | 한글 | 미주신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 제 10뇌신경(뇌신경은 뇌에서 기시한 말초신경으로 모두 12개가 있다)의 이름. 올리브와 아래소뇌각(inferior cerebellopontine angle)사이 숨뇌 외측에서 나오는 많은 뿌리섬유로부터 기시하여 상후두신경, 되돌이후두신경, 경질막가지, 귀바퀴가지, 인두가지, 심장가지, 기관지인지, 위가지, 간가지, 복강가지, 콩팥가지, 인두신경얼기(pharyngeal plexus), 폐신경얼기(pulmonic plexus), 식도신경얼기(esophageal plexus), 전 및 후 미주신경간(anterior & posterior vagal trunk)의 가지를 낸다. 미주신경은 목정맥구멍(jugular foramen)을 통해 내려가서 상하신경절(superior & inferior ganglion)과 연결되고, 목 및 가슴를 지나 복부에 도달한다. 귀, 혀, 인두, 후두에 감각성으로, 인두, 후두 및 식도에 운동성으로, 그리고 흉부 및 복부의 기관에 내장구심성으로 분포한다.  |
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| 영문 | optic nerve | 한글 | 시각신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 시각을 인지하는 신경. 이 신경은 단지 감각신경으로서만 작용한다. 따라서 어떤 사물을 따라 눈을 움직일 수 있는 것은 이 시각신경과는 무관하다(이것은 눈돌림신경(oculomotor nerve)에 의해 가능하다). 또한 시각신경은 고위중추신경계인 뇌에서 직접 분지하므로 손상시 재생은 불가능하며, 이에 대한 치료법은 없다. |
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| 영문 | nerve | 한글 | 신경 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 설명 | 생물이 자신의 몸과 주위에서 일어나는 각종 변화를 감지하고 종합하여 적절한 반응을 일으키도록 하는 기관. 수많은 신경 세포로 되어 있다. 육안상 끈 모양의 구조로서, 중추신경계와 신체의 각 부분 사이에서 신경충동을 전달하는 신경섬유의 집합이다. 신경은 신경섬유의 다발을 둘러싸는 결합조직성의 집(sheath)으로 이루어진다. 각 신경섬유속은 신경다발막(perineurium)이라 부르는 결합조직성의 고유의 집으로 둘러싸여 있으며, 막의 내면은 편평한 중피세포의 막으로 되어 있다. 매우 작은 신경은 모신경에서 나온 단 한개의 신경삭으로 이루어지기도 한다. 이러한 신경속내에서, 현미경으로 관찰될 수 있는 각 신경섬유는 간질성 결합조직인 신경섬유막(endoneurium)으로 둘러싸여 있다. 각 신경섬유(축삭과 이를 싸고 있는 집)는 원형질로 된 기질인 축삭형질(axoplasm)과 이것내의 유형성분으로 구성되어 있고, 전체구조는 얇은 축삭집(axolemma)으로 둘러싸여 있으며, 신경집세포에 유래한 지질층인 말이집(myelin sheath)이 있는 것도 있고, 없는 것도 있다.  |
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| SNRB | selective nerve root block |
|---|---|
| PSA | parasternal short axis; pleomorphic salivary gland adenoma; polyethylene sulfonic acid; polysacchari... |
| SC | conditioned stimulus; sacrococcygeal; Sanitary Corps; scalenus [muscle]; scapula; Schwann cell; scia... |
| SBRN | sensory branch of radial nerve |
| SCV | sensory nerve conduction velocity; smooth, capsulated, virulent; subclavian vein; squamous-cell carc... |
| nerve root sleeve | In myelography, the funnel-shaped extension of the opacified subarachnoid space that surrounds each nerve root as it enters its neural foramen. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| superior root of vestibulocochlear nerve | Radix vestibularis, radix superior nervi vestibulocochlearis, superior root of vestibulocochlear nerve, vestibular root of vestibulocochlear nerve. (05 Mar 2000) |
| inferior root of vestibulocochlear nerve | <anatomy, nerve> One of the components of the vestibulocochlear nerve; it is made up of the central processes of the bipolar neurons which compose the spiral (cochlear) ganglion in the spiral canal of the modiolus of the bony cochlea; the cochlear root enters the cranial cavity by passing in fascicles through the spiral foraminous tract at the bottom of the internal auditory meatus; it enters the brainstem through the pontomedullary groove, closely adhering to the caudoventral aspect of the vestibular root, and distributes its fibres to the ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei in the floor of the lateral recess of the fourth ventricle. Synonym: radix cochlearis, cochlear root of vestibulocochlear nerve, inferior root of vestibulocochlear nerve, radix inferior nervi vestibulocochlearis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| lateral root of median nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The part of the median nerve arising from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. Synonym: radix lateralis nervi mediani. (05 Mar 2000) |
| accessory portion of spinal accessory nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The roots of the accessory nerve which arise from the medulla; the nerve fibres of the cranial root join the intracranial portion of the vagus nerve and are distributed to the pharyngeal plexus, providing the motor innervation of the soft palate (except the tensor veli palati) and the pharynx. Synonym: pars vagalis nervi accessorii, radices craniales, accessory portion of spinal accessory nerve, cranial roots, vagal part of accessory nerve, vagal part. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ventral primary ramus of spinal nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The larger, anterolaterally-directed major terminal branch (with the dorsal primary ramus) of all 31 pairs of mixed spinal nerves, formed at the intervertebral foramen. Most ventral primary rami, especially those involved in the innervation of the limbs, participate in the formation of the major nerve plexuses (cervical, brachial, and lumbosacral) and lose their identities. Most in the thoracic region, however, remain separate from adjacent rami to become the intercostal and subcostal nerves. Ventral primary rami provide innervation to the anterolateral body wall and trunk. Nomina Anatomica lists ventral primary rami as "rami ventrales" for each group of spinal nerves: 1) cervical (nervorum cervicalium ), 2) thoracic (nervorum thoracicorum ), 3) lumbar (nervorum lumbalium ), 4) sacral (nervorum sacralium )m, and 5) coccygeal (nervi coccygei ). Synonym: ramus ventralis nervi spinalis, anterior primary division. (05 Mar 2000) |
| groove for spinal nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The laterally directed groove on the superior surface of the transverse processes of typical cervical vertebrae between the anterior and posterior tubercles along which the emerging spinal nerve passes. Synonym: sulcus nervi spinalis. (05 Mar 2000) |
| spinal accessory nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The eleventh cranial nerve enervates the sternocleidomastoid muscles and the trapezius muscles. Lesions of the eleventh result in drooping of the shoulder and inability to rotate the head away from the affected side. (27 Sep 1997) |
| spinal nerve roots | The paired bundles of nerve fibres entering and leaving the spinal cord at each segment. The dorsal and ventral nerve roots join to form the mixed segmental spinal nerves. The dorsal roots are generally afferent, formed by the central projections of the spinal (dorsal root) ganglia sensory cells, and the ventral roots efferent, comprising the axons of spinal motor and autonomic preganglionic neurons. There are, however, some exceptions to this afferent/efferent rule. (12 Dec 1998) |
| spinal part of accessory nerve | <anatomy, nerve> Originates from the upper five or six cervical spinal segments, emerges from the lateral surface of the spinal cord and ascends through the foramen magnum to join the cranial root. Synonym: radices spinales nervi accessorii, ramus externus nervi accessorii, pars spinalis nervi accessorii, spinal part of accessory nerve. (05 Mar 2000) |
| spinal tract of trigeminal nerve | <anatomy, nerve> A compact fibre bundle, comma-shaped on transverse section, composed of primary sensory fibres of the portio major of the trigeminal nerve, descending from the level of the entrance of the trigeminus in the upper pons down through the dorsolateral region of the rhombencephalic tegmentum along the lateral side of the descending or spinal nucleus of the trigeminus, emerging on the dorsolateral surface of the lower medulla oblongata as the tuberculum cinereum, and continuing as far as the second cervical segment of the spinal cord. Its fibres are distributed to the descending or spinal nucleus of the trigeminus. Synonym: tractus spinalis nervi trigemini, descending tract of trigeminal nerve, tractus descendens nervi trigemini. (05 Mar 2000) |
| dorsal primary ramus of spinal nerve | <anatomy, nerve> The smaller, posteriorly-directed major terminal branch (with the ventral primary ramus) of all 31 pairs of mixed spinal nerves, formed at the intervertebral foramen and turning abruptly posteriorly to divide into lateral and medial branches, both of which will supply the deep (true) muscles of the back. The medial branch (rami medialis ) of the dorsal primary ramus also supplies articular branches to the zygopophyseal joints and the periosteum of the vertebral arch. In the neck and upper back, the medial branch continues through the deep and superficial back muscles to supply overlying skin; in the lower back, the lateral branch does this. Nomina Anatomica lists dorsal primary rami as "rami dorsales" for each group of spinal nerves: 1) cervical (nervorum cervicalium ), 2) thoracic (nervorum thoracicorum ), 3) lumbar (nervorum lumbalium ), 4) sacral (nervorum sacralium ), and 5) coccygeal (nervi coccygei ). Synonym: ramus dorsalis nervorum spinalium, ramus dorsalis, rami posteriores nervorum spinalium, dorsal branch, posterior primary division. (05 Mar 2000) |
| ganglia, sensory | Clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons. Sensory ganglia may also have intrinsic interneurons and non-neuronal supporting cells. (12 Dec 1998) |
| receptors, sensory | Specialised neurons or parts of neurons which transduce sensory information and relay it centrally. Included are receptors for stimuli outside the body (exteroceptors) as well as receptors for stimuli from within the body itself (interoceptors and proprioceptors). Sensory receptors may include accessory structures which condition (e.g., filter) the input received by the receptor neurons themselves. (12 Dec 1998) |
| principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminus | <anatomy, nerve> The term commonly used to designate the nucleus pontis nervi trigeminalis; located in pons lateral to the motor trigeminal nucleus; receives primary sensory (touch and pressure) input via the trigeminal nerve, projects to ventral posteromedial nucleus of thalamus. Synonym: nucleus sensorius principalis nervi trigemini, nucleus sensorius superior nervi trigemini, principal sensory nucleus of the trigeminus. (05 Mar 2000) |