| ERC | endoscopic retrograde cholangiography; enteric cytopathic human orphan-rhino-coryza [virus]; erythro... |
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| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| ERP | early receptor potential; effective refractory period; elodoisin-related peptide; endoscopic retrogr... |
| ERS | enamel-renal syndrome; endoscopic retrograde sphincterectomy |
| RAVC | retrograde atrioventricular conduction; Royal Army Veterinary Corps |
| retrograde menstruation | A flow of menstrual blood back through the fallopian tubes; it sometimes carries with it endometrial cells. Supplementary menstruation, bleeding from the navel or urinary tract due to endometriosis occurring at the time of menstruation. Suppressed menstruation, nonappearance of menstrual bleeding from whatever cause. Vicarious menstruation, bleeding from any surface other than the mucous membrane of the uterine cavity, occurring periodically at the time when the normal menstruation should take place. (05 Mar 2000) |
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| retrograde metamorphosis | An effect whereby the productivity of a microbial strain used in a commercial process diminishes after repeated transfer from one culture media to another, often caused by genetic mutation. (14 Nov 1997) |
| retrograde P wave | The P wave pattern in the electrocardiogram representing retrograde depolarisation of the atria, the impulse spreading from the A-V junction or the lower atrium upward. (05 Mar 2000) |
| retrograde pyelography | Pyelography in which contrast material is injected into the ureters from an endoscope in the bladder. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde | Fibreoptic endoscopy designed for duodenal observation and cannulation of vater's ampulla, in order to visualise the pancreatic and biliary duct system by retrograde injection of contrast media. Endoscopic (vater) papillotomy (sphincterotomy, endoscopic) may be performed during this procedure. (12 Dec 1998) |
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram | A diagnostic procedure to examine diseases of the liver, bile ducts and pancreas. It is uncomfortable but not painful, is performed under intravenous sedation, usually without general anaesthesia, and has a low incidence of complications. ERCP provides important information unobtainable by other diagnostic means. Therapeutic measures can often be take at the time of ERCP to remove stones in the bile ducts or to relieve obstructions of the bile ducts. (12 Dec 1998) |
| endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | <investigation, procedure> A diagnostic-therapeutic procedure that involves the X-ray of the pancreatic duct and biliary tree after the selective introduction of a contrast material into the common bile duct and pancreatic duct. In this procedure, a flexible endoscope is passed through the mouth and down into the duodenum. A catheter is then passed through the endoscope and inserted into the pancreatic and bile ducts. It is uncomfortable but not painful, is performed under intravenous sedation, usually without general anaesthesia, and has a low incidence of complications. A contrast agent is injected into the catheter which highlights the coarse and calibre of the ducts. Narrowing, stones or ductal tumours can be identified with this procedure. Therapeutic measures can often be take at the time of ERCP to remove stones in the bile ducts or to relieve obstructions of the bile ducts, so that traditional open surgeries can be avoided. ERCP is increasingly accepted as the diagnostic and therapeutic procedure of choice in identifying and removing gallstones in the bile ducts. Acronym: ERCP (12 Dec 1998) |
| air embolism | <physiology> A serious condition that results when air (in the form of bubbles) invades the blood vessels causing disruption of normal blood flow. (06 Aug 1998) |
| amniotic fluid embolism | Obstruction and constriction of pulmonary blood vessels by amniotic fluid entering the maternal circulation, causing obstetric shock. See: amniotic fluid syndrome. (05 Mar 2000) |
| arterial embolism | <cardiology, physiology> A sudden interruption in arterial blood flow to an organ or body part (extremity). The blockage is caused by a blot clot or atherosclerotic plaque that has moved through the arterial circulation from one position to another. The resulting mechanism is the same regardless of cause or location. Oxygen deprivation to the tissues distal to the occlusion become ischaemic and die (necrosis). Atrial fibrillation is a risk factor for arterial embolism due to the release of blood clots from the fibrillating heart. Blood vessel injury and increased levels of platelets can also be a risk for arterial embolism. Symptoms vary with location, but pain, coolness to an extremity and a absent or diminished pulse are common in the case of an extremity embolism. Treatment is often surgical or involves the use of blood clot dissolving medications (for example streptokinase) delivered selectively to the site of the blockage. (17 Oct 1997) |
| atheroma embolism | Embolism of lipid debris from an ulcerated atheromatous deposit, generally from a large artery to small arterial branches; it is usually small and rarely causes infarction. Synonym: atheroma embolism. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bland embolism | Embolism by simple nonseptic material. (05 Mar 2000) |
| bone marrow embolism | Obstruction of a vessel by bone marrow, usually following fracture of a bone. (05 Mar 2000) |
| gas embolism | <physiology> A serious condition that results when air (in the form of bubbles) invades the blood vessels causing disruption of normal blood flow. (06 Aug 1998) |
| pantaloon embolism | Synonym: saddle embolism. (05 Mar 2000) |