| CR Length | Crown to Rump Length |
|---|---|
| CL | capillary lumen; cardiolipin; cell line; centralis lateralis; chemiluminescence; chest and left arm ... |
| IRDP | insulin-related DNA polymorphism |
| PIC | Personality Inventory for Children; polymorphism information content |
| SSCP | single-stranded conformational polymorphism |
| T-RFLP | Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism |
|---|---|
| AFLP | Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism |
| FAFLP | Fluorescent Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism |
| AMP-FLP | amplified fragment length polymorphism |
| PCR-RFLP | PCR restriction fragment length polymorphisms |
| Okazaki fragment | A relatively short (100-1000 bp) fragment of DNA that is later joined by DNA ligase to allow for 3' → 5' overall chain growth during replication. (05 Mar 2000) |
|---|---|
| one-carbon fragment | The formyl group or the methyl group that takes part in transformylation or transmethylation reactions; by means of these reactions, a group containing a single carbon atom is added to a compound being biosynthesised, adding a methyl group (as in thymidine formation), adding a hydroxymethyl group (as in serine biosynthesis), or closing a ring (as in purine formation). (05 Mar 2000) |
| two-carbon fragment | The acetyl group (CH3CO-) that takes part in transacetylation reactions with coenzyme A as carrier; commonly referred to as acetate or acetic acid, from which it is derived. (05 Mar 2000) |
| f2 fragment | <immunology> A fragment of an antibody protein which includes the antigen-binding portions but not the Fc section. They can be produced by treating whole antibodies with proteases that will specifically cleave off the Fc section. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Fab fragment | The antigen-binding fragment of an immunoglobulin molecule, consisting of both a light chain and part of a heavy chain. Synonym: Fab piece. (05 Mar 2000) |
| Fc fragment | <immunology> The constant region on an immunoglobulin molecule. The area that is exactly the same on all antibodies. The region is found on the heavy chains and is not involved in binding antigens. (09 Oct 1997) |
| Klenow fragment | <molecular biology> Larger part of the bacterial DNA polymerase I (76 kD) that remains after treatment with subtilisin, retains some but not all exonuclease and polymerase activity. (18 Nov 1997) |
| fragment | A small part broken from a larger entity. (05 Mar 2000) |
| fragment reaction | A reaction used to assay the activity of peptidyl transferase. (05 Mar 2000) |
| cell cycle restriction point | <cell biology, molecular biology> A point, late in G1, after which the cell must, normally, proceed through to division at its standard rate. (26 Mar 1998) |
| restriction | 1. The process with which foreign DNA that has been introduced into a prokaryotic cell becomes ineffective. 2. A limitation. (05 Mar 2000) |
| restriction endonuclease | <enzyme, molecular biology> Class of bacterial enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites. In bacteria their function is to destroy foreign DNA, such as that of bacteriophages (host DNA is specifically modified at these sites). Type I restriction endonucleases occur as a complex with the methylase and a polypeptide that binds to the recognition site on DNA. They are often not very specific and cut at a remote site. Type II restriction endonucleases are the classic experimental tools. They have very specific recognition and cutting sites. The recognition sites are short, 4-8 nucleotides and are usually palindromic sequences. Because both strands have the same sequence running in opposite directions the enzymes make double stranded breaks, which, if the site of cleavage is off centre, generates fragments with short single stranded tails, these can hybridise to the tails of other fragments and are called sticky ends. They are generally named according to the bacterium from which they were isolated (first letter of genus name and the first two letters of the specific name). The bacterial strain is identified next and multiple enzymes are given Roman numerals. For example the two enzymes isolated from the R strain of E. Coli are designated Eco RI and Eco RII. (10 Mar 1998) |
| restriction enzyme | <enzyme, molecular biology> Class of bacterial enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites. In bacteria their function is to destroy foreign DNA, such as that of bacteriophages (host DNA is specifically modified at these sites). Type I restriction endonucleases occur as a complex with the methylase and a polypeptide that binds to the recognition site on DNA. They are often not very specific and cut at a remote site. Type II restriction endonucleases are the classic experimental tools. They have very specific recognition and cutting sites. The recognition sites are short, 4-8 nucleotides and are usually palindromic sequences. Because both strands have the same sequence running in opposite directions the enzymes make double stranded breaks, which, if the site of cleavage is off centre, generates fragments with short single stranded tails, these can hybridise to the tails of other fragments and are called sticky ends. They are generally named according to the bacterium from which they were isolated (first letter of genus name and the first two letters of the specific name). The bacterial strain is identified next and multiple enzymes are given Roman numerals. For example the two enzymes isolated from the R strain of E. Coli are designated Eco RI and Eco RII. (10 Mar 1998) |
| restriction enzyme cutting site | <molecular biology> A specific nucleotide sequence of DNA at which a particular restriction enzyme cuts the DNA. Some sites occur frequently in DNA (for example, every several hundred basepairs), others much less frequently (rare-cutter, for example, every 10,000 base pairs). (10 Mar 1998) |
| restriction enzyme, endonuclease | A protein that recognises specific, short nucleotide sequences and cuts DNA at those sites. Bacteria contain over 400 such enzymes that recognise and cut over 100 different DNA sequences. See restriction enzyme cutting site. (05 Mar 2000) |